Contenu du sommaire : Le monde du sport dans les Amériques et ses représentations politiques, culturelles et sociales

Boxing, a popular sport in England and then in the United States in the 19th century, was seen in the Spanish and Mexican press, at the end of the century, as the expression of Anglo-Saxon material civilization which was tinged with the violence embodied by the fight, in the context of the antagonism between Spain, Mexico and the United States for the control of the territories of the American continent. The strength of the fists seems to be the distinctive character of the way of doing politics in England and the United States. Denigrated for the dehumanization of the fighters that it implies, the social and moral disorders that it feeds, boxing gradually conquers a certain autonomy thanks to the stories of fights which arouse a new linguistic creativity. The description of the muscular body of the American boxer establishes a new type of "homo americanus" in which North Americans recognize themselves and arouses fascination and rejection, fairly evenly, in the articles of Mexican and Spanish columnists aware of the cultural and policy represented by the acceptance of boxing as a civilized sport.

1913 marked Brazil's admission into the Olympic movement with the country's entry into the IOC. From then on, the country participated in international sports competitions, including the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, before organizing the first regional Latin American Games, in 1922, in Rio de Janeiro, under the Olympic administration. However, Brazil's recognition as an Olympic nation results from elements linked to the advent of organized sporting events, for which the written press has been relaying since the end of the 19th century. More particularly in the idealized representation of the Olympic myth, that of belonging to the world of progress and modernity. This article aims to analyze the messages and discourses established by the Brazilian press, which built an ideal of sports competition to consolidate the emerging Brazilian nation.

At the beginning of the 21st century, several left and centre-left governments came to power in South American countries. Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela are particularly concerned and will shape sports policies with regard to this new political configuration. This article intends to make a comparison between the sports public policies carried out by the two largest countries in South America (Argentina and Brazil), showing what have been the similarities and differences between the Kirchnerist and Lulist policies in the sports sphere between the years 2003-2016. The study highlights that Argentina and Brazil have consolidated a sports policy emphasizing social inclusion through sport and attention to sport for all. Nevertheless, the hosting of several major sporting events has changed the initial objectives.

The chants of the fans of the San Lorenzo de Almagro football club, located in the Boedo district of Buenos Aires, Argentina, are not just demonstrations of support for the team, or disparagement of the opponent during matches. Using a semantic analysis software, we studied the content of about a hundred chants. They contain complex identity dramatization, expressed through the narrative of a territorially rooted sport history, drawing the contours of a district-club. These identities revolve around the values of virility, the spirit of sacrifice and the sense of work and celebration. But they also depict a very localised sense of belonging, with a social and political dimension. Lastly, these chants go beyond the boundaries of the district-club and today they echo on different scales with social networks.

This article aims to reconstruct the trajectory of Ronaldo Helal, one of the pioneers of the introduction of sports in the Communication and Social Sciences as academic fields. The reconstitution of his formative path and bibliographic production intend to demonstrate the milestones of the maturation of a method aimed at the identification of a nation's media narratives through collective sports such as professional football. Over the course of three decades, the author has been developing a methodology for analyzing journalistic discourses about the performance of the Brazilian National Team in the quadrennial FIFA tournaments, better known as World Cups. We thus argue that a differential of Helal's perspective on the construction of sports nationalism has been a continuous shift of his gaze when choosing foreign sources – newspapers from Uruguay, Argentina and France – to understand the relations of identity enunciated by printed media about Brazil and the supposed nature of Brazilian players. Such decentralization allows the researcher to unveil the construction of identity stereotypes, while also raising questions about the paradigm of the nation's “essence” in competitve international events. Finally, it is proposed that the ability to build an authorial work is also related to the concept of “travel as a vocation,” mobilized by anthropologist Fernanda Peixoto to address a tradition of intellectuals who interpreted Brazil, thanks to a symbolic-spatial movement of approach and distancing, with the specular recognition of national otherness and differences.

This article aims to study the relationships between sport and human nature. It makes a brief historical summary of the importance of sport in the history of humanity, to analyze its achievements in modern society.　

The objective of this article aims to address French cultural diplomacy in Brazil in the beginning of the 20th century as a successful example of soft power. Thanks to presence of French academics during the first years of the University of São Paulo's existence, France was able to leave an indelible imprint on the local university know-how and in particular, in the discipline of history and has shaped the taste of the local intellectual elites. Aided by the ties maintained between French academics and those of the USP, France was able to entrench republican universalism in the minds of future Brazilian historians. Brazilian history has become a key discipline whose know-how decisive in the construction of a national identity

To understand the complex iconographic program developed by Diego Rivera for his mural of the Insurgentes Theater (1953), I consider the artist´s long term relationship with the world of popular theater, his understanding of historical painting, and the concept of “anti-history” developed by the well-known play writer Rodolfo Usigli, which was one the main inspirational sources used by the artist for his mural. I conclude that in his mural Rivera was able to create an “anti-historic” visual drama with a profound human content, that transcends the concept of historical painting which characterized most of his previous public works.