| Titre | Les uškujniki de Novgorod : Marchands ou pirates ? | |
|---|---|---|
| Auteur | Janet Martin | |
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Revue |
Cahiers du monde russe Titre à cette date : Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique |
| Numéro | volume 16, no 1, janvier-mars 1975 | |
| Rubrique / Thématique | Articles |
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| Page | 5-18 | |
| Résumé anglais |
Janet Martin, The Novgorod uškujniki : merchants or marauders?
During the second half of the fourteenth century, while a struggle for control over the Middle Volga was being waged, Novgorodian uškujniki conducted a series of expeditions to that region. Previous interpreters have characterized these expeditions as plundering, piratical attacks. An analysis of the accounts of the uškujniki in the Russian Chronicles, however, indicates that there were two reasons for the expeditions. The violent raids on Kostroma, Žukotin, and Vjatka were intended to protect Novgorod's monopoly over its northern hinterland from northeastern Russian and Bulgar encroachment. Other raids were directed against Bulgar and Nižnij-Novgorod, the main commercial centers on the Middle Volga. When successful, those raids were followed by peaceful, commercial expeditions, and it was in response to those ventures precisely that the local Russian and Tatar authorities made their most determined efforts to subdue the uškujniki. This pattern suggests that the second reason for the uškujniki raids was to force the commercial centers of the Middle Volga to allow Novgorodians direct access to the Volga- Kama trading system. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008-0160_1975_num_16_1_1221 |
