| Titre | Духовная дилогия Державина : Оды « Бог » и « Христос » | |
|---|---|---|
| Auteur | Efim Etkind | |
 |
Revue |
Cahiers du monde russe Titre à cette date : Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique |
| Numéro | volume 29, no 3-4, juillet-décembre 1988 Le christianisme russe entre millénarisme d'hier et soif spirituelle d'aujourd'hui | |
| Page | 343-356 | |
| Résumé anglais |
Efim Etkind, Two spiritual odes by Derzhavin, "God" and "Christ".
The destiny of these two Derzhavin's major works forming a poetical dilogy is different: "God" is one of the most famous odes in the world (15 French translations, 10 German, 2 Japanese, etc.); "Christ" was almost never re-edited. This second ode is practically unknown. In the course of the thirty years that separate the two poems Derzhavin drew nearer to linguistical and stylistical ideals of the Academy created at the beginning of the nineteenth century by admiral Shishkov against verbal Westernism, against "Karamzinism", for the aesthetics of the obscure, of the hard to read. Poets like Batiushkov and Pushkin revolt against Derzhavin's poetry of the years 1804-1816. The ode "Christ" can be considered as the manifesto of Shishkov's Academy. The author of the article note the different forms of archaism used by the poet: lexical, phraseological, morphological, syntactic, etc. as well as the means used by Derzhavin to endow his text with maximum difficulty: accumulation of consonants, spondee (succession of stressed syllables), etc. He endeavors to show the theoretical basis of this braking technique, later taken up in the twentieth century by poets such as Viacheslav Ivanov, Khlebnikov, Maiakovskii, Tsvetaeva.
Russian poetry was on the look-out for philosophical contents: Shevyrev, Khomiakov, Tiutchev were fighting against light and fluent poetry for the deep and obscure. Derzhavin was the master of these poets-philosophers. The philosophical idea of "Christ" is even more complex than that of "God": Christ is considered as the center and even the unit of the most extreme opposites: omni-power and frailty, divine wisdom and ignorance, matter and spirituality. How is one to speak of it? What is the verbal and rythmic shape of this reflexion? Can one put the unutterable into words? The ode "Christ" deals with the inner man who was the great discovery of Romantism. The ode belongs therefore to the period of romantics as well as to that of the classics of the Russian eighteenth century. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
|
| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008-0160_1988_num_29_3_2153 |
