| Titre | Philosophie et théologie chez les djadids [La question du raisonnement indépendant (iğtihâd)] | |
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| Auteur | Thierry Zarcone | |
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Revue | Cahiers du monde russe |
| Numéro | volume 37, no 1-2, janvier-juin 1996 | |
| Page | 53-63 | |
| Résumé anglais |
Thierry Zarcone, Philosophy and theology according to the Jadids: the speculation on independent reasoning (ijtihàd).
The return to direct interpretation of the fundamental texts of Islam, and the break-away from the commentators' traditional imitation as initiated in the tenth century were chief arguments in the general purpose of last century's great Bukharan reformers and, then, the Tatar ones, who were confronted with both pace-gaining colonialism and the want of renewal among Muslim societies. Prior to Jamâl ad-Din al-Afghani and his student Muhammad Abduh, the Tatar ulema of Kazan, Abd an-Naşîr al-Qûrsâwî, was the one who "reopened the doors to ijtihâd" (effort of personal inteiprctation) under the inspiration of Taymiyah and the Wahhabists. His disciples in the Tatar world and at Bukhara pursued in the same line and set up the practice of ijtihâd as one of the basic tenets of Muslim reformism. It was then in the Ottoman area that the Reform, under the guidance of al-Afghani, his Egyptian student Muhammad Abduh, and the latter 's own disciple, Rashid Rizâ, had its main flourishing center wherefrom it could permeate the Tatar area, namely through the medium of Mûsâ Jârallah Bîgî, a student of cAbduh's in Cairo, and 'Abdallah Bûbî, the disciple and translator of Rashid Rizâ. Nevertheless, in spite of the priority all of those reformists attached to the practice of ijtihâd, al-Afghânî and cAbduh differed from their predecessors in their straight break-away from taqlid (imitation of the commentators) and their concern with the question of the accordance of the commands of the Qur'ân with the requirements of reason. It is worth comparing, at a century's distance, the respective arguments of Qûrsâwî (see M. Kemper's article) and Bîgî, who, as soon as 1911, was held to be a Muslim Luther about such a meaningful issue — for Muslims living in European Russia and Siberia — as the evening prayer in boreal regions. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_1252-6576_1996_num_37_1_2451 |
