| Titre | Les formes spécifiques de l'internationalité du champ scientifique. | |
|---|---|---|
| Auteur | Yves Gingras | |
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Revue | Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales |
| Numéro | no 141-142, mars 2002 Science | |
| Rubrique / Thématique | Science |
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| Résumé anglais | The Specific forms of the internationality of Science It is generally agreed that science, in its principle of finding the reason behind the phenomena, is international and even universal in its aims. But beyond this topos, the real question is that of the historically specific forms of the internationality of science. Since at least the emergence of universities in the Middle Ages, a decisive institutional event, one can identify many mechanisms through which philosophers, naturalists and, later scientists, overcome their locality to create an international space of scientific activity and discussion. Generally speaking we can identify three ways through which the international character of scientific activity have been expressed. First, the circulation of persons, texts and objects, then the mode of knowledge production and finally the financing of research. After briefly presenting the historical periods during which the international circulation of research developed we will analyse in more details the structural transformations of the last thirty years of the 20th century which saw the emergence of a new mode of production of knowledge based on collaboration between scientists from different countries. Still embryonic, the internationalisation of funding is nonetheless important in some fields and everything suggest that its growth will continue. We also analyse two phenomena which are inherent to the idea of a world-wide scientific field but have been less studied, namely the linguistic homogénéisation of the products of research and the délocalisation of the means of knowledge production. By recalling the inseparably local and international character of the results of scientific research, scientists can play on both sides of the track and mobilise both local and international resources. The «international union of scientists» can thus accept (and claim) local funding in the name of patriotism and the | |
| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arss_0335-5322_2002_num_141_1_2816 |
