| Titre | Le « cas Maimbourg ». La possibilité d'un gallicanisme jésuite au XVIIe siècle | |
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| Auteur | Jean-Pascal Gay | |
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Revue | Revue historique |
| Numéro | no 672, octobre 2014 | |
| Rubrique / Thématique | Articles |
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| Page | 783-831 | |
| Résumé |
Cet article propose de revenir sur la nature et la possibilité d'un gallicanisme jésuite au XVIIe siècle en réexaminant un cas laissé de côté par les historiens jésuites contemporains, celui du P. Louis Maimbourg, expulsé de la Compagnie de Jésus sur ordre d'Innocent XI, à cause de ses publications historiques au service de la politique de Louis XIV dans le conflit de la régale. Le « cas Maimbourg » est caractérisé par une remarquable continuité dans son positionnement politico-religieux. Au cœur d'une double radicalité dans l'engagement au service du Roi et de l'Église, on retrouve en réalité une conception de l'obéissance dont les technologies et la culture sont proprement jésuites. Au moment du conflit autour du droit de régale, cependant, la double contrainte d'obéissance devient en réalité contradictoire et Maimbourg, avec d'autres, met sa compréhension de l'obéissance au service de son engagement dans le dispositif monarchique. Ce n'est cependant pas ce qui en fait véritablement une exception. Si, en effet, d'autres jésuites ne sont pas placés devant le même type de contradictions radicales, le problème posé par Maimbourg est interprété dans des cadres relativement similaires par la plupart des acteurs qui ont à gérer son cas. Il apparaît alors que ce n'est pas tant le contenu doctrinal, certes variable, du gallicanisme jésuite, qui permet de le caractériser, mais bien les mécanismes culturels partagés de la participation des jésuites français de la fin du XVIIe siècle au sentiment religieux gallican. Source : Éditeur (via Cairn.info) |
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| Résumé anglais |
The “Maimbourg case” or the possibility of Jesuit Gallicanism in 17th century France`/titrebThis paper is a case study in the nature and very possibility of Jesuit Gallicanism in 17th century France. By reassessing the case of the historian Louis Maimbourg, one maybe too easily dismissed by contemporary Jesuit historians, it argues that, under Louis XIV, Gallicanism may have had a much stronger hold on the Society of Jesus in France than has been previously thought. In the 1670s, Louis Maimbourg's career as a Jesuit writer took a new turn as he became a forefront figure in historical literature. His success attracted the attention of the Court, and he soon became a key-writer in the production of an official apologetics of Louis XIV's ecclesiastical policies in the conflict with Innocent XI and his curia over the Ius Regaliae of the kings of France. Nonetheless, throughout his literary career, Maimbourg seems to have stuck to the same consistent line of argument regarding the relationship between Church and State. Even before his entering the service of royal propaganda, Maimbourg advocated some sort of religious commitment to politics. His radical stances in favour of subservience to the Church and to the Crown find their origin in a specifically Jesuit culture of obedience. It can even be suggested that Maimbourg claims the very technologies of Jesuit obedience in favour of both Church and State. Yet during the conflict over the Régale, the compatibility between obediences to both institutions is tested and Maimbourg, along others, tends to prioritize the political over the ecclesiastical and to mobilize his culture of radical obedience in favour of his commitment to the public defence of the monarchy. In this regard, he is no exception. Nonetheless, as a public example of such a type of Jesuit commitment, Maimbourg was targeted by Innocent XI's curia and dismissed from the Society of Jesus. The study of this dismissal shows that while other Jesuits may not have faced such radically incompatible contradictions, most were confronted with the tensions of the same type of religious double-bind. The superiors who handled his case (whether in France or in Rome) did so from within the same linguistic framework. Therefore, it is not so much the exact doctrinal content of Maimbourg's Gallicanism which is relevant for the understanding of Jesuit commitment to political obedience, but rather the common cultural mechanisms by which French Jesuits shared into the religious sentiment that was Gallicanism and into its publicization. Source : Éditeur (via Cairn.info) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHIS_144_0783 |
