Accueil » Sommaires » revue : Cahiers d'études africaines » Vol. 17, no 68, 1977

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Revue Cahiers d'études africaines Mir@bel
Numéro Vol. 17, no 68, 1977
Texte intégral en ligne Accessible sur l'internet

  • Mélanges ivoiriens

    • Société baule précoloniale et modèle segmentaire. Le cas de la région de Kokumbo - Jean-Pierre Chauveau p. 415-434 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      J.-P. Chauveau—~~Precolonial Baule Society and the Seg-mentary Model.~~ Most authors have described Baule social structure as segmentary and hardly hierarchized. This interpretation leads to the inclusion as primary data of facts which are rather a logical consequence of the model itself. An analysis of the actual working of the kinship system and of social unequality reveals phenomena at a deviance from the segmentary model, such as status groups and protoclasses, reproducing themselves according to a statistical pattern characteristic of complex, unequalitarian societies. Hence a new interpretation of Baule social structure starting from a well defined historical and economic context rather than from an attempt to explain the deviance of sortie segmentary ideology from the actual precolonial socio-economic situation. This may well lead to question the heuristic validity of the segmentary model, or of some of its implications.
    • Appartenance et dépendance. L'exemple du système de classes d'âge des Aïzi (basse Côte d'Ivoire) - François Verdeaux p. 435-461 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      F. Verdeaux—~~Belonging to/Depending from : the Age-Set System of the Aizi (Lower Ivory Coast).~~ A reconsideration of the age-set and lineage systems and of their combination in a matrilineal society. The network of interpersonal relations of dependence is encoded in the age-set system which ensures the institutionalization of men's status as social seniors or juniors—otherwise exchangers/exchangees. If children, rather than women, are considered as the ultimate object of exchange, the 'wife-giver', in the Aizi example, becomes, so to speak, a descipient of descendants. The momentary dependence on the father under-scores the belonging to the MS's lineage: the two notions cannot be taken apart from each other.
    • Économie marchande et structures sociales : le cas des Bete de Côte d'Ivoire. - Jean-Pierre Dozon p. 463-483 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      J.-P. Dozon—~~Market Economy and Social Structures: the Bete of Ivory Coast.~~ Economic change under the colonial rule has modified the rules of labour division among the Bete. Formerly agriculture was the province of women, the men confining themselves to the prestige activities of fighting and hunting. Nowadays both men and women take part in the plantation economy, male power being made manifest by the monopoly of sale. This may affect kinship and marriage relationships which, in some cases, are subordinated to the employer/employee relation. Male dominance is simultaneously perpetuated by the control of trade-crops and threatened by the disruption of lineage solidarity and the precariousness of marriage links.
    • Une « périphérie recentrée » : à propos d'un système local d'économie de plantation en Côte d'Ivoire. - Jean-Pierre Chauveau, Jacques Richard. p. 485-523 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      J.-P. Chauveau &ampamp;amp J. Richard—~~Recentering a Periphery. A Local System of Plantation Economy in the Ivory Coast.~~ A study of the plantation economy of the Gbâ starting from the neo-marxist assumption that the pre-colonial situation cannot be used as a base for analysis. The authors use wage-earning labour rather than the land-right system as a primary tool for the analysis of social classes. Small land-owners must need employ wage-earning labour to answer the pressure brought to bear on them by the State apparatus and the middlemen of the capitalistic centre. The relationship between this centre and the peripheral systems does not necessarily resuit in the suppression of elements foreign and external to the capitalist mode of production (CMP), nor does it merely preserve it in view of a more efficient exploitation : more likely, it is the CMP which generates those peripheral elements.
    • L'igname, bonne à manger et bonne à penser. Quelques aspects de l'agriculture ahouan (Côte d'Ivoire). - Léontine E. Visser p. 525-544 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      L. E. Visser—~~Yam: Good for Eating, Good for Thinking. ~~A description of the religious concepts relating to the spatial configuration of Ahouan (Ivory Coast) villages and settlements and the central position of yam cultivation in the social life of the Ahouan. Government-sponsored efforts towards a diversification of crops—chiefly by the introduction of dry rice—may well have unforeseeable and adverse effects on traditional values and eventually on the ecological balance.

  • Études et essais

    • Art and the Perception of Women in Yorùbá Culture - Henry Drewal p. 545-567 accès libre avec résumé
      H. Drewal — ~~L'art et le concept de féminité dans la culture yoruba.~~ La conception de l'essence féminine chez les Yoruba est dominée par la notion d'intériorité (ori inûn), à laquelle se rattachent les notions de secret, de calme, de froid et la couleur blanche, qui s'opposent terme à terme aux notions symétriques caractérisant la masculinité. Les femmes ménopausées (et, dans une moindre mesure, impubères, enceintes ou allaitant) sont chargées d'une force magique, ~~àşe~~, supérieure à celle des ~~òrìşà.~~ Ces caractéristiques et ces pouvoirs sont symbolisés dans le masque barbu et voilé de blanc de la Grande Mère, Ìyánlá, personnage central du culte Èfè-Gèlèdé, à la fois secret et accessible aux membres de la communauté.
    • Aspects socio-économiques de la préparation et de la circulation de la nourriture dans un village hausa (Niger). - Claude Raynaut p. 569-597 accès libre avec résumé en anglais
      C. Raynaut—~~Cooking and Circulating Food in a Hausa Village: Socio-Economic Aspects.~~ The study of the preparation and distribution of food is most likely to cast an interesting light on the deep relational structure under-lying an economic system. In the Hausa village of Soumarana (Niger Republic) the households are not self-sufficient and autarchic as far as food is concerned. They rely to a large extent on commercial transactions to supplement home grown produce. Labour division obtains both in the production of the basic foodstuffs and in their ulterior preparation and circulation. Not only do butchers, for instance, form a special professional category, but men and women cook, sell and buy different kinds of food. Commercial transactions reach their peak during the scarcity season, just before the harvest, when people are short of both food and money. This apparently paradoxical situation is linked with recent social changes and the increase of tensions between elders and youth, and between men and women. Women, especially, have become able to maximize the profit from their own crops while making the men pay for the food they cook for them: exchanges are no longer based on barter and food has become an item in the money-based economy.
    • Anthropology and the Study of Schism in Africa. A Re-examination of Some Anthropological Théories. - Joseph R. Manyoni p. 599-631 accès libre avec résumé
      J. R. Manyoni —~~ L'anthropologie et l'étude des schismes en Afrique : réexamen de quelques théories.~~ L'approche ethnologique classique des mouvements religieux schismatiques en milieu colonial n'explique pas leur survie ou résurgence après les indépendances, probablement du fait qu'elle se concentre sur leurs aspects les moins permanents. L'auteur estime qu'au-delà de la variété d'aspects superficiels retenue par les études traditionnelles, tous ces mouvements peuvent être ramenés à une tendance unique, définie par une recherche du « soi » d'où découlent un retrait de l'univers du réel et un repli dans un cosmos idéal. L'objectif final est moins de changer le système environnant que de s'en dissocier en créant et en maintenant un réseau de fortes relations inter-personnelles — l'activité terrestre n'étant considérée que dans une perspective d'outre-monde.

  • Débats et controverses

  • Chronique bibliographique

  • Index. Cahiers 65 à 68