Contenu du sommaire : Varia

Given that poverty is multidimensional and subjectively perceived, analyses that do discuss deprivation following these guidelines might present a broader perspective than income or objective poverty measures. We applied this framework to households in Brazil with the use of multivariate techniques. We observed that income and food deprivation are still common in rural areas, regions with multidimensional hardships. In urban areas, the deprivations are mostly one-dimensional, especially the ones related to physical problems in the dwelling and to problems with payments.

Solidarity-based finances and spatial organisation : case studies in Bretagne and Pays-de-la-Loire This article studies the nature of links between solidarity-based finance and territories in two French West regions : Bretagne and Pays-de-la-Loire. We show how the theoretical links must be set up in two disciplinary fields of regional and economic geographic and, of proximities economics. So, we try to examine methods and empirical studies which allow crossing those two fields for understanding the expansion of solidarity-based finance in this meta-region of French North-West. Our research program (FIMOSOL (Solidarity-based currencies and finance) was financed by the Interministerial Delegation at Social and Experimental Innovation and Social Economy (DIIESES) in 2006-2007.

Co-evolution of Territories and Technologies : an institutionalist Perspective As well as technologies, territories are revealed or produced when interactive processes generating the creation of new resources take place. These processes are innovation processes, characterised by experimentations, trials and errors. In this perspective, the territories, similarly to the technologies, appear as the result of these processes (and not as available resources). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the elements of an institutionalist view about the processes of co-evolution of territories and technologies and to address the key question of the viability of the processes of creation of new resources.

Dynamic demand for durable local public goods The latest research on dynamic demand for local public goods depending on the median voter neglected the change of capital structure and the nature of the local public good. Even though the literature admits the static hypothesis of median voter's model ; it's doesn't takes into account the fact that the median demand depends on the level of public goods available. Indeed, the introduction of the time acts in two ways : first, on the nature of the good demanded by the median, which becomes a long-lasting public good, second on the structure of the total capital of the community that considers debt. It emerges that loan allows an optimal spreading of the load between various generations of local public good users. Nevertheless, this spreading of the load depends on the nature of the immobilization.

Local clusters in the wood and timber industries : three cases The French wood and timber industries are increasingly subject to international competition. Businesses and regions have developed thinking and actions aiming to improve their competitiveness and support the survival of local fabrics of small and medium enterprises. On the basis of an exploratory study and analysis of three cluster-like experiments in the field of wood construction industry, this article identifies sources of externality that could explain the success and limitations of these approaches.

Multidimensionality of the stake in the landscape : from the evaluation to the decision. Landscape involves several sources of valuation (ecological, economic...) which are advisable to integrate into an evaluation and decision-support. The notion of Total Economic Value, distinguishing use values and non-use values, allows for a reporting of these several sources of valuation. However, a purely monetary definition of these values does not allow for reporting of the multi-dimensionality of stakes inherent in landscape management, underlying in these values. We propose to reinterpret the landscape value within a framework of multi-dimensional analysis based on the distinction of three levels of stakes (profitability, strategic and identitary), bound to the management of space. We show then that the aggregation rule of type “Compare then Aggregate” and the use of multi-criteria decision-aid methods allow to implement this multi-dimensional approach to value and to highlight the decision.

High Speed Rail Link and housing markets in Rheims : between attractiveness, amenities and expectations Since the creation of the East European High Speed Rail Link (LGV) was announced in 2000, many observers have considered that housing price growth in Rheims could be directly attributed to the TGV (high-speed train) and to the possible influx of new households, and that these changes would inevitably become more pronounced. Drawing on the economic literature on property markets and the analysis of housing transactions in Rheims between 1999 and 2006, we show that this conclusion is not quite so clear cut. The TGV may appear to have been a contributory factor to price rises in a very localized way, and to have fueled property development but not due to any huge influx of new households. In fact, it results from the expectations of actors.

Contrasting trajectories of local development : Sicily and North-East of Italy The paper starts with a comparative analysis of two Italian trajectories of local development : the North-East and Sicily. The processes of local development which took place in the North-East and Sicily can be read as an answer to a situation in which the two territories are marginalized and badly integrated to the national economy. The aim is to focus on these trajectories so as to distinguish their mechanisms, similarities and also divergences. The paper also tries to assess whether local development allows solving the problem of initial marginalization.