Contenu du sommaire

Georges RIBEILL, From Pneumatics to Highway Logistics: André Michelin, Instigator of the "Automobile Revolution ": Part II. The engineer André Michelin (1853-1931, well-known rubber tire manufacturer, understood very early on that the development of the automobile would depend on a much larger system, which he helped to formalize by means of various innovations. And indeed he can truly be called the inventor of the "highway system," through his creation of methods for marking and finding roads, and by giving priority to the development of a service network (hotels and garages) for the motorist and his car.

Marc DESPORTES, Histoire des noeuds autoroutiers. L'objet technique qu'est le noeud autoroutier doit être abordé historiquement. П hérite de certaines dispositions imaginées dès le milieu du 19ème siècle pour l'aménagement de carrefours urbains. Les fonctions qu'il assure - franchissement, accès, diffusion, échanges - sont d'abord conçues séparément puis fusionnées. Cette fusion permet au réseau autoroutier, conçu abstraitement, de s'ouvrir localement au réseau autoroutier, hérité de l'histoire. Une deuxième ouverture, plus globale, résultera de l'insertion du projet autoroutier dans le tissu urbain, ce qui aura une influence non seulement sur la conception des tracés mais aussi sur celle des noeuds.

Pierre-Henri DERYCKE, Urban concentration and road systems: two approaches to congestion. Part I. The present article recalls the different forms of congestion in urban centers, then sets forth two complementary approaches to urban congestion: from the point of view of traffic engineers, who concentrate on the value of time and the technical characteristics of itineraries (Part I), and that of urban ground economists, who give more importance to the aspect of profitability and the consequences of alternative usage of the ground, and spatial equilibrium of agents (Part П, to be published in FLUX 7).