Contenu du sommaire
Revue | Etudes rurales |
---|---|
Numéro | no 68, 1977 |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Riziculteurs à temps partiel. Deux problèmes de l'agriculture japonaise - Augustin Berque p. 7-22 Part-Time Rice-Farmers. On Two Issues for the Japanese Agriculture. Agriculture in Japan has been characterized in recent years by a sharp decline of winter crops (such as wheat) and overproduction of rice on the one hand, and a high rise of part-time farming on the other hand. Overproduction of rice is the effect of a public system in which rice is paid at a higher price to the producer than it is by the consumer. The extraordinary diffusion of part-time farming is explained by some political, economical and cultural peculiarities of the Japanese society. All of these factors are intertwined and account for the failure of past agricultural policies. The new policy is a global one, which attempts at the same time to reorganize production (promotion of winter crops), management (collective use of large machinery) and consumption (promotion of rice food).
- Évolution économique, cycle familial et transmission patrimoniale à Nussey - Michèle Salitot-Dion p. 23-53 Economic Evolution, Life Cycle and Patrimonial Transmission at Nussey. The classical analysis of household structures combined with that of life cycles shows the plasticity of both these structures and their kinship ties. In a Jura community on which our study is based, the household community life has become nowadays a transitory stage of the family life cycle. This evolution is linked to that of the patrimonial relationships between generations: donation to heirs when parents are still alive combined with equalitarian sharing of goods — a system which follows the very ancient customary law of Jura. The analysis of inheritance — whose evaluation is reckoned on current salaries and prices — shows how the household economic system is integrated into the system of capitalistic production.
- Les agriculteurs migrants. Le cas du Cher - Violette Rey p. 55-91 Migrant Farmers. The Case of the Cher Department. The present migration of farmers, however marginal in the context of the general economic evolution, appears highly indicative both of the general mobility which is a feature of our socio-economic system and of the demand in land. The farming structures of the Cher department favour those who have migrated because of land shortage or breaking of lease. The migrants, arriving in three successive waves, settled on mediocre lands; but they have considerably speeded up the evolution of grain farming and the redesigning of land plots, without always succeeding as well as they had hoped. The capacity to improve the soil and the success of the whole venture depend on a satisfactory financial solution to the tenure problem (long term rents, or possibility of buying without running into too heavy a debt). The migrants, who come mostly from near-by Beauce and from expropriated urban zones, contribute to the integration of this southern fringe of the Bassin Parisien into the zone of intensive cultivation in the North-West European country lands.
- La greffe et les métamorphoses du jardin andalou au Moyen Age XIe-XIIe siècles - Lucie Bolens p. 93-106 Graft and the Metamorphoses of Gardens in Andalusia (11th-12th Centuries). Grafting such as it appears in Hispano-Arabie treatises dating from the Middle Ages, presents the double caracter of having modified the Mediterranean garden much before the Renaissance and of having played a fundamental role in the history of botanical classification — a role that has remained till now totally unrecognized, that of a link between the Ancients and the Renaissance. Renaissance authors such as Matthiolo, Cesalpino, O. de Serres, have said nothing concerning these matters that cannot be found already in the work of the Moroccan writer al-Gassani (16th century). And even in the 12th century, the essential can be traced in the description of plants given by the "Anonymous Botanist of Seville". Now the importance given to grafting by Hispano-Arab agronomists, their efforts to establish affinities between plants, show that if grafting, in the Andalusian Middle Ages, became the preliminary step to a new botanical classification, it was through these profuse, and at times even aberrant, empirical experiences; and if needs be, further proof is seen in the fact that Matthiolo quotes the Arabs.
- Naissance d'une communauté agro-industrielle du Jura suisse : Vallorbe, 1397-1614 - Anne Radeff p. 107-140 The Rise of an Agro- Industrial Community of the Swiss Jura : Vallorbe 1397-1614. This study takes place in the quarrel between the partisans of demographic causality and their opponents. It means to demonstrate, through an analysis of the destinies of a little agro-industrial community in the Swiss Jura between the 14th and the 17th centuries, that demographic changes do not always have the same effects on the clearing process and the repartition of land. At the 15th century, Vallorbe becomes depopulated while the clearing process increases and the estates do extend. The 16th century is marked by a demographic growth and a stillness of the clearing process; the small peasants become all the poorer and the big owners all the richer. Finally, at the 17th century, the clearing process is started again while natality keeps growing and the parcelling and monopolizing of land is slowing down.
- Communautés rurales et seigneurs à la fin du Moyen Age : un exemple berrichon - Françoise Michaud-Fréjaville p. 141-151 Rural Communities and Squires at the End of the Middle Ages : Some Example in the Berry Region. Action at law was brought between 1492 and 1495 against their squire, a notary of Bourges, by the inhabitants of Saint-Germain-des-Bois in Berry. The dispute bore mainly on a rent, customary since 1202 and rated according to the number of oxen to the team — which levy the squire wanted to extend to horses. This actually meant going back on the parish franchises. The community was partly on rent strike for five years, and study of arrears owed by each member makes it possible to estimate the wealth of the parish regarding draught animals. Only one fourth of tenants seem to have owned these. The dispute also points out the limits of group coherence in the community.
Comptes rendus
- K. D. White, Farm Equipment of the Roman World. - Chevallier Raymond p. 153
- Lucie Bolens, Les méthodes culturelles au Moyen Age d'après les traités d'agronomie andalous : traditions et techniques. - Braunstein Philippe p. 153-155
- J. Paul Leagans & Charles P. Loomis, Behavorial Change in Agriculture. Concepts and Strategies for Influencing Transition. - Péchoux Pierre-Yves p. 156
- Alain Fleury et Amédée Mollard, Agriculture, système social et environnement. - Rambaud Placide p. 157-158
- Pierre Maranda, French Kinship. Structure and History. - Ravis Giordani Georges p. 158-160
- P.-C. Collin, La mémoire collective des Monts du Lyonnais. - Kayser Bernard p. 160-161
- Gwyn A. Jones, Rural Life. Patterns and Processes. - Péchoux Pierre-Yves p. 161-162
- Kostas Vergopoulos, Le capitalisme difforme et la nouvelle question agraire : l'exemple de la Grèce moderne. Avec une introduction de Samir Amin - Kayser Bernard p. 162-163
- Jean Dresch, Recherches sur la Grèce rurale. - Handman Marie-Elisabeth p. 163-165
- Juliet Du Boulay, Portrait of a Greek Mountain Village. - Péchoux Pierre-Yves p. 165-166
- Peter Loizos, The Greek Gift : Politics in a Cypriot Village. - Péchoux Pierre-Yves p. 166-167
- René Dumont, Paysanneries aux abois. Ceylan, Tunisie, Sénégal. - Kayser Bernard p. 167-168
- Gabriel Gosselin, Travail et changement social en pays Gbeya (RCA). - Kayser Bernard p. 168-169
- Gérard Remy, Les migrations de travail et les mouvements de colonisation Mossi. Recueil bibliographique. - Jean Suzanne p. 169
- David Pocock, Mind, Body and Wealth. A Study of Belief and Practice in an Indian Village. - Molet Louis p. 170
- Adrian C. Mayer, Peasants in the Pacific. A Study of Fiji Indian Rural Society. - Jean Suzanne p. 170-171
- Gilbert Etienne, La voie chinoise. La longue marche de l'économie, 1949-1974. - Kayser Bernard p. 171-172
- Burton Pasternak, Kinship and Community in Two Chinese Villages. - Peyraube Elisabeth p. 173
Notes bibliographiques
- L. Genicot, « Introduction », in Typologie des sources du Moyen Age occidental. - Chevallier Raymond p. 175
- P. Delarue et M.-L. Tenèze, Le conte populaire français. Catalogue raisonné des versions de France et des pays de langue française : Canada, Louisiane, îlots français des États-Unis, Antilles françaises, Haïti, île Maurice, La Réunion. III : Contes d'animaux. - Belmont Nicole p. 175
- Sociétés villageoises, auto-développement et inter-coopération. Colloque international de Haïfa (13-18 mai 1973) - Kayser Bernard p. 176
- Yves Baticle, L'élevage ovin dans les pays européens de la Méditerranée occidentale. - Vincienne Monique p. 176
- H. Desroche, La société festive. Du fouriérisme écrit aux fouriérismes pratiqués. - Rambaud Placide p. 176-177
- Guy Quaden, Parité pour l'agriculture et disparités entre agriculteurs. Essai critique sur la politique des revenus agricoles. - Kayser Bernard p. 177
- Louis Malassis, Agriculture et processus de développement. Essai d'orientation pédagogique. - Kayser Bernard p. 178
- Guenhael Jegouzo, Exode agricole et offre régionale d'emplois. - Kayser Bernard p. 178
- Exploitations agricoles, Publications de l'Université de Caen - Kayser Bernard p. 178-179
- Jacques Maho, L'image des autres chez les paysans. Méthodologie et analyse de sept villages français. - Kayser Bernard p. 179
- Jean-Pierre Fruit, Vexin normand ou Vexin parisien ? Contribution à l'étude géographique. - Kayser Bernard p. 179
- Alain Carof, La production de l'information agricole. L'exemple d'« Ouest- France ». - Dauphin Cécile p. 180
- Jacques Lacarrière, L'été grec. Une Grèce quotidienne. - Kayser Bernard p. 180
- Michel Sivignon, La Thessalie, analyse géographique d'une province grecque. - Kayser Bernard p. 181
- Emile Y. Kolodny, La population des îles de la Grèce. Essai de géographie insulaire en Méditerranée orientale. - Kayser Bernard p. 181-182
- Abdessatar Grissa, Politiques agricoles et emploi. Étude de cas : la Tunisie. - Kayser Bernard p. 182
- André Louis, Tunisie du Sud. Ksars et villages de crêtes. Préface de S. E. Habib Bourguiba - Vincienne Monique p. 182-183
- Études de géographie tropicale offertes à Pierre Gourou. - Kayser Bernard p. 183
- Sigmund Rehm & Gustav Espig, Die Kulturpflanzen der Tropen und Subtropen. - Sigaut François p. 183
- Adrian Adams, Le long voyage des gens du Fleuve. - Kayser Bernard p. 184
- CEGET, Types de cultures paysannes en Asie du Sud-Est et dans le monde insulindien. Table ronde du CNRS réunie les 7 et 8 septembre 1972 au CEGET-Bordeaux. - Kayser Bernard p. 184
- Bulletin des périodiques. Bulletin analytique (Janvier-Juin 1977) - Placide Rambaud p. 185-208
- Résumés/Abstracts - p. 209-212