Contenu du sommaire
Revue | Etudes rurales |
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Numéro | no 69, 1978 |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Un exemple d'intervention de l'État : le financement public de l'agriculture - Jacques Cloarec p. 5-25 Public Financing in Agriculture as an Example of State Intervention. The analysis, over a twelve-year period (1962-1974), of the main kinds of public financing in the French agriculture, leads to the reconstitution of an agricultural policy. Does this policy correspond to the one proposed by the official rules and statements since the adoption of the Bill of orientation, in 1960? As a matter of fact, it occurs that the agricultural policy revealed by the analysis had the purpose, if not the effect, to go along with a selective process of concentration in agriculture. The Unions, implied in the management of credits, subventions and indemnities by concertation, are bound to deal with a contradiction: they have to take upon themselves the defense of all farmers while they take part in the application of measures which result in the elimination of a number of them.
- Les foires rurales de Guillaumes et de Puget-Théniers - Bernard Boyer p. 27-50 The Rural Fairs at Guillaumes and Puget-Théniers. The rural fairs that still exist in the North-West of the Alpes-Maritimes department are the survivals of trade relations that used to be limited to this mountainous area. The specialization of dates and places were submitted to precise selection. Guillaumes and Puget-Théniers are among the last small towns that still have some definite rural-fair life. Although these two fairs are frequented by an identical population, they are different in themselves. At Guillaumes one finds a concentration of sheep-breeders, and at Puget- Théniers, itinerant vendors. But here and there, and through this dissimilarity, the social function of the fair remains preponderant.
- L'endettement du paysan et le crédit rural aux Philippines - Michel Lelart p. 51-79 Peasant Indebtedness and Rural Credit in the Philippines. In all the developing countries where most of the population is rural, the peasants are much indebted and their indebtedness is growing. It is often difficult to know and explain this situation. The author has studied in this review the peasant indebtedness in Thailand. Now he applies his observations to the Philippines, an other important country in Southeast Asia. The peasant situation is not better there. Because their needs exceed their resources, the rural families are obliged to borrow continuously, most often in order to survive. Thus, their indebtedness is more and more extensive. It is calculated by the number of the families in debt and the average debt of each one. The peasants do not have the possibility to borrow enough, though there are many financial institutions and the Government has undertaken many reforms. The institutional credit is growing more quickly than in Thailand, but usury is still probably the main impediment that prevents a true improvement of the peasant life.
- Les nouvelles franges pionnières en Amazonie brésilienne. La vallée de l'Araguaia - Christine Apestéguy, Hélène Rivière d'Arc p. 81-100 The New Pioneer Fringes in Brazilian Amazonia. The Araguaia Valley. The opening of the Transamazonian Road symbolizes the policy of Amazonia's integration started by President Medici in 1970. Since 1974, more "realistic" motivations follow the ideological action that was required by the political conjuncture in the years 1 968- 1970. Actually, the role of the Amazonian undertaking is nowadays to reinforce the development of agrarian capitalism. The study of the problems ensuing from colonization in the Araguaia Valley points out the conflicts rising today between the new structures — some sophisticated sort of a penetration process which was initiated a long time ago by the Paulist businessmen — and the forms of rural economy that several generations of "Nordestin" poor migrants had settled from place to place.
Notes et commentaires
- Les échelles de coûts et de prestige, réalité ou erreur de méthode ? La hiérarchie des charges dans les communautés indiennes mésoaméricaines - Danièle Dehouve p. 101-108
- Les élections municipales de mars 1977 à Lixières (Meurthe-et-Moselle) - Sylvain Maresca p. 109-116
Chronique scientifique
- La technologie de l'agriculture européenne. Une revue de travaux récents - François Sigaut p. 117-126
Comptes rendus
- Paola Sereno, L'etno-geografia. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 127-128
- Gerald Leach, Energy and Food Production. - Le Pape Yves p. 128-129
- H. Gollwitzer, Europäische Bauernparteien im 20. Jahrhundert. - Barral Pierre p. 129-131
- Hilario Rodriguez Ferreiro, La tierra de Trasdeza. Una economia rural antigua. Población y economia de la antigua Jurisdicción de Trasdeza en la primera mitad del s. XVIII. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 131-132
- Iván Balassa, Magyar Mezbgazdasági Mûzeum közleményei 1969-1970 - Braunstein Philippe p. 132-134
- Marie-José Tubiana & Joseph Tubiana, The Zaghaiva from an Ecological Perspective. Food-gathering, the Pastoral System, Tradition and Development of the Zaghaiva of the Sudan and the Chad - Bernus Edmond p. 134-135
- A. K. H. Weinrich, African Farmers in Rhodesia. Old and New Peasant Communities in Rhodesia. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 136-137
- C. Robineau, Papeete, premier marché de Tahiti. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 137-138
Notes bibliographiques
- M. J. Stabler, Agricultural Economics and Rural Land-Use. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 139
- H. T. Van der Pas, Economie Anthropology 1940-1972. An Annotated Bibliography. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 139-140
- Bulletin de la Société languedocienne de Géographie. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 140
- Pierre Lelong, Les marchés agricoles. - De Barros-Mott Luiz R. p. 140-141
- Terra nostra. Culegere de materiale privind istoria agrară a României. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 141
- Vasile Neamtu, La technique de la production céréalière en Valachie et en Moldavie jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle. - Sigaut François p. 141-142
- Marianne Mesnil, Trois essais sur la fête. Du folklore à l'ethno-sémiotique. - Gueusquin-Barbichon Marie-France p. 142-143
- Résumés/Abstracts - p. 145-147