Contenu du sommaire
Revue | Etudes rurales |
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Numéro | no 84, 1981 |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Nature, persistance et dépérissement de la coutume domestique. La fonction successorale en Capcir et en Cerdagne - Louis Assier-Andrieu p. 7-29 Nature, Persistance and Decay of Domestic Custom. The Successoral Function in Capcir and Cerdagne. A refinement of the concept of custom, this study attempts to evaluate its scope among domestic processes in XIXth and XXth century communities of the french catalan Pyrenees. This historical and anthropological approach of a legal phenomenon allows first to describe the patterns of continuation of a customary system opposed to positive law. Social conditions of its recent decay in the benefit of legal forms are then correlated to the 1960's and 1970's touristic impulse. Some cases and particular examples emphasize the distance between social practice and its legal scriptural image, so the role of capitalistic forms of country management in the breaking of traditional adjustments between kins.
- Modèles d'exploitation et comptabilité agricole : l'exemple du Pas-de-Calais au début du XIXe siècle - Ronald Hubsgher p. 31-48 Models of Agricultural Enterprises and Accounting Methods : the Example of the 19th Century Pas-de-Calais. In the absence of private records, is it possible to apply agricultural accounting methods to the farms of the 18th and 19th centuries ? This has been attempted for the Pas-de-Calais Department as it was at the beginning of the 19th century, using official sources. The construction of five models (three small farms and two large) allows for the following conclusions : the weight of the regular annual costs (principally labor, material and land improvement) burden all enterprises using rented land ; the cost of supplementary labor and service borne by the renters weight more havily upon the smaller enterprises than upon the bigger, but their income is proportionately larger ; everywhere one notes the absence of capital, the low level of investment and the inadequate technology. A constantly negative income demonstrates that the farmer was far from letting himself be guided by that economic rationality which demands modern accounting procedures and was more sensitive to the income actually realized (the difference between real costs and real income from sales).
- Principes d'une typologie de l'habitat rural lorrain. - Jean-René Trochet p. 49-85 Principles of a Typology of the Rural Lorraine Habitat. The studies on the rural Lorraine habitat have often dealt with the central plains of the province. Focused as they are on the connection between fields and houses shapes they have neither brought out the main morphological components of the latter nor set up any functional analysis that could have allowed to make the cultural aspects of the Lorrainese country habitat clear. It is this twofold proceeding that constitutes the starting point of the present article. The knowing of six integrated elements in the polyculture house — rearing in central Lorraine (village-rue— field— closeness of the buildings— building style in depth— «usoir» — three bays) have allowed a comparison with the country house styles of the other parts of the province while underlining the connections induced by a more or less total adoption of these elements. It is at the very connection of these that the cultural originality lies, that is to say the explicit necessity of the following question : wouldn't it have been possible to follow another way ?
- L'introduction de la traction bovine chez les Wolof du Saloum (Sénégal) - Bernhard Venema p. 87-99 The Introduction 'of the Oxen-Draught among the Wolof of Saloum (Sénégal). On the basis of a fieldstudy in 1971-73 is described how in Saloum (Senegal) population increase and expansion of groundnut cultivation have decreased the fallow period and soil fertility. Agricultural research and extension help the (Wolof) farmers to make the transition to a permanent agriculture by advising them to adopt oxen-draught instead of the use of manual labour, horse and donkey traction. The advantages are said to be that oxen are able to plough, are good furnishers of manure and are cheap in purchase and in upkeep. The study indicates that the farmers indeed adopted oxen-draught but did not make full advantage of it due to the lack of feed at the end of the dry season, the fragmentation of the family farmholding in individual holdings and the sale of oxen to the (urban) butcheries. At last is set out at the adoption of animal traction and farm implements since the end of the sixties did not affect the local labour economy, the decentralized way of farm management and the economic position of the women.
Chronique scientifique
- Les prestations et les stratégies matrimoniales en Méditerranée. Colloque de Marseille, 21-25 septembre 1981 - Marie-Elisabeth Handman p. 101-103
- Villages et maisons de Lorraine. Colloque d'ethnologie. Nancy, 22-24 octobre 1981 - Marie-Claude Groshens p. 105-112
- «La pluriactivité des familles agricoles est-elle une condition de survie pour le monde rural ?» - Marie-Claude Pingaud p. 113-120
Comptes rendus
- Marie-Noëlle Chamoux, Indiens de la Sierra, la communauté paysanne au Mexique. - Fioravanti-Molinié Antoinette p. 121-124
- Alton Gokalp, Têtes rouges et bouches noires. Une confrérie tribale de l'Ouest anatolien. - Handman Marie-Elisabeth p. 124-127
- Valentin Jamerey-Duval, Mémoires. Enfance et éducation d'un paysan au. 18ème siècle, avant-propos, introduction, notes et annexes par J.-M. Goulemot - Lagrave Rose-Marie p. 127-128
- Daniel Halévy, Visites aux paysans du Centre (1907-1934) - Wackermann Gabriel p. 129
- M. Berlan et R.-M. Painvin (avec la participation de M.-Th. Dentzer), Conditions de vie et de travail des femmes dans les exploitations agricoles en France. - Handman Marie-Elisabeth p. 129-130
- Agnès Guellec, Département et unité rurale : l'exemple des Côtes-du-Nord. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 130-131
- Revue d'Alsace, Fédération des sociétés d'histoire et d'archéologie d'Alsace, Archives municipales - Wackermann Gabriel p. 132-133
- Bernard Poche et Nicole Rousier, L 'agriculture occultée. Villes et régions des Alpes du Nord. III : Programme Régions urbaines-Régions de villes. ; Jean David, Louis Freschi, Hervé Gumuchian (en collab. avec Jean Billet et Robert Mériandeau), Villard-de-Lans 1977. Analyse géographique. ; P. Préau, F. Gerbaux, J.-P. Bozonnet, G. Novarina, F. Lieberherr (en collab. avec Longo-Mai, J.-C. Jauneau, J.-M. Laurenti, L. V. Patella), La montagne, espace délaissé, espace convoité. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 133-134
- Les Quatre Saisons du Jardinage. Revue pratique de Jardinage biologique, Association «Les quatre saisons», bimestrielle - Rose Georges p. 135-137
- P. Rambaud, et al, Gestion des exploitations et développements agricoles. Analyse de langages économiques; G. Allaire, Analyse des couches paysannes et des rapports sociaux de production dans «l'élevage industriel». L 'exemple du Lot-et-Garonne; C. Canevet, Approche géographique de l'agriculture de l'ouest de la France. D'après les résultats du recensement général de l'agriculture 1970171, Bretagne— Pays de Loire-Basse-Normandie; B. Mouton, L'exploitation forestière en France. Marché du travail et politique de l'emploi. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 137-138
Notes bibliographiques
- Arthur E. Imhof, Einführung in die historische Demographie. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 139
- Le secrétaire général de l'OCDE, Étude des tendances de l'offre et de la demande mondiales des principaux produits agricoles. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 139
- Archives internationales de Sociologie de la Coopération et du Développement, «L'internationalisme coopératif» - Wackermann Gabriel p. 140
- La problématique du développement en milieu rural. Actes du colloque de Rimouski, 24-25 octobre 1975. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 140
- J. W. House, France. An Applied Geography. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 141
- G. Poujol et R. Labourie, eds., Les cultures populaires. Permanences et émergences des cultures minoritaines locales, ethniques, sociales et religieuses. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 141
- Giinther Heinritz, Grundbesitztruktur und Bodenmarkt in Zypern. Eine social- geographische Untersuchung junger Entwicklungsprozesse. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 142
- Kyriakos C. Markides, Eleni S. Nikita, Elengo N. Rangou, Lysi. Social Change in a Cypriot Village. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 142-143
- Jane Schneider & Peter Schneider, Culture and Political Economy in Western Sicily. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 143
- Daniel Chirot, Social Change in a Peripheral Society. The Creation of a Balkan Colony. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 143-144
- Hans-Heinrich Müller, Akademie und Wirtschaft im 18. Jahrhundert, Agrar- ökonomische Preisaufgaben und Preisschriften der Preussischen Akademie der Wissensehaft (Versuch, Tendenzen und Uberblick). - Wackermann Gabriel p. 144-145
- Roman Sandgruber, Österreichische Agrarstatistik 1750-1918. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 145
- Maurice Failevic et Jean-Dominique de La Rochefoucauld, 1788 - Luttes révolutionnaires pour une propriété paysanne. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 145
- Jean Lenoble, P.-E. Teisserenc de Bort, Gentilhomme limousin, Sénateur, Ministre, Ambassadeur (1814-1892). - Wackermann Gabriel p. 146
- Michel Frelat, Les assurances mutuelles agricoles. - Barral Pierre p. 146
- Gérard Buttoud, Les propriétaires forestiers privés en France. Anatomie d'un groupe de pression. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 147
- Jean-Noël Pelen, La Vallée longue en Cévenne. Vie, traditions et proverbes du temps passé. - Wackermann Gabriel p. 147
- A. Goursaud, La société rurale traditionnelle en Limousin. Ethnographie et folklore du Haut-Limousin et de la Basse-Marche - Wackermann Gabriel p. 148
- Résumés/Abstracts - p. 149-152