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The problem of placing Malthus within the 'classical school' can be approached by investigating the Ricardo-Malthus relationship. I find no substantive differences on value or canonical growth theory. Malthus's population policy was directed against upper-class, military and Church ideology, a position shared with Ricardo. A major analytical difference entails Malthus's ascription to agriculture of a superior productivity reflecting Physiocratic surplus theorizing ; were it not that he abandoned his agricultural protectionism any notion of a unified 'classical' doctrine would be compromised. As for the aggregate demand problem, the divide is narrowed by Malthus's surprisingly orthodox perspective on monetary and fiscal policy.

A rereading of the so-called "Wittgenstein Assumption" (Favereau, 1985) in the light of the evolution of the philosophical thought of Wittgenstein himself leads us to propose a reinterpretation of the "pragmatic nature" of the epistemology of the General Theory ; thence to underline the complete coherence of this book, based on Wittgenstein's idea of "therapeutic" formal logic.

The analytical argument justifying the evolution of Patinkin's position on the method employed in the General Theory leads to a severe ambiguity : the Keynésien model is supposed to express Walrasian interactions as well as Marshallian partial equilibrium. Patinkin synthétises his position by using a mysterious paraphrase of Genesis, which expresses, as we show, the predominance of the Walrasian method. Interactions are the only reason given by Patinkin to explain the connection between the Keynesian model and the Walrasian method. This paper shows that they are only a necessary condition because mis model also has important commun points with the classical tradition which separate it from Walras.

Based on Lange's neglected first writings (Lange 1932, 1935a, 1935b), this article shows that Lange developed an original conception of market adjustment processes in his famous 1936-7 article. In particular, two points are showed here. 1/ Lange developed an original model that described the lagged and progressive adjustment process of supply in industrial sectors (completing the cobweb diagram that concern mainly agricultural sectors). 2/ Lange tried to articulate these different an particular models in a general frame which corresponds to the tâtonnement. The article shows that this conception is related to a marshallian approach rather than to a walrassian one.