Contenu du sommaire : Des pratiques artistiques des jeunes.

Messianic youth and popular spaces of cultural creation. Since the early 80' s, the popular urban spaces have been described above all as "non places" where the event is at best considered as cultural tinkering (street cultures), at worst as social unrest (riots) and in any case as a movement without stakes, a "nonevent". Here, we not only assert that tinkering and unrest are not "problems" but that they generate vital areas and participate to movements of historical re-appropriation. Under the light of artistic expressions, the cultural creation of active minorities gives back to the popular space its dynamic form such as its conflicting relation to the society and young people in their messianic scope.

Mass subcultures and new technologies. The development of mass cultural technologies has considerably shifted the frontiers of cultural practices since the last twenty years. Faced with the emergence of new organisations, the dialogue between a logic of "free of charge" and profitability has come up from the point of view of techno capitalism and counter cultural musical movements as well. These trends (hip hop and techno) have structured free, collective productions and mass marketing but the integration of these subcultures turns out to be differentiated as regards the status of the new economy.

Young people's artistic expressions : an ongoing challenge to rigid institutional frameworks. Between an elitist concept of art for art and a logic of occupational leisure activity, a third way of practice and expression has been forged. Following the hip hop movement, it stands at the avantgarde of what is called cultural diversity and it invites us to reconsider the area of the field of cultural action and the concepts and modes of action made rigid by institutionalisation.

The forgotten worlds of art and culture involved. Today, the number of private practices and initiatives away from the institutions or the cultural market disrupts the established tranquillity, the near routine of the contemporary cultural landscape. This phenomenon can be observed with the squats or collectives reinvesting old market or industrial sites and also with apparently very different cultural practices such as musical trends linked to techno or hip hop. All these trends have in common to call into question the sense of cultural practices and actions and also the status of the aesthetics productions that found them, to examine the relation the audiences develop at their contact and more widely their social meaning. If these practices concern many young people they are not limited to these populations, and it is rather the terms of a general cultural trend that this paper aims to develop.

When reference determines values. In the early 80' s, the hip hop movement with new cultural codes appeared in France. Twenty years later, these ways of expression oscillate between recognition and denunciation. Today, described as an emerging juvenile culture, one still questions its place in the French cultural landscape. A situation that deserves particular attention concerning, on one hand, the sketchy history of this culture closely linked to the urban spaces in which it was born and is still developing and, on the other hand, the treatment it receives in the discourses and facts.

Tags, grafs and murals : claims for identity, expression of communities ? (San Francisco -Strasbourg) Tags and grafs could be interpreted, on the one hand, as the defence and illustration of communities and on the other hand, as tracks and artistic expressions of multicultural groups conveying revolt and search for meaning, collective memory, historical and spiritual points of reference in the public area. Though the contents of expression, the style and the forms may be different, the values they express are close : educative value of art, translation of the history of a group, response to the status of dominated populations, denunciation and refusal of social exclusion. This expression aims to reach a popular audience. In any case, there is no opposition between sociopolitical and art but a sort of combination of pragmatism and postmodernism.

Residential autonomy, a process linked to the development of family and social aids. The residential autonomy, meaning that the young person does not live anymore with his family but is still financially dependent upon his parents is not well known today, lacking the appropriate tools for an analysis. In order to grasp the process at work, the role played by the family and public aids in particular must be understood. This progress in knowledge goes through a change of view upon the relationships between young adults and their families ; it leads to a new distribution of the respective responsibilities of the family and the state towards young people.

Initiation rites and rituals of transition or purification at school, in physical education and sport. Based on three very different examples of "physical rituals", this paper tries to draw a local theory of initiation rites and rituals of transition.

Young people's rights to sexuality and procreation in Chile. In spite of the ratification by the Chile of the international agreements during the conferences of the United Nations about the young people's sexual and procreative rights, governments have not defended these rights and no policy has been implemented to enable young people to know and exercise them. This attitude is mainly due to the influence of the hierarchy of the Catholic church that imposes a conservative discourse on the themes of the family and sexuality. This discourse does not correspond to the young people's behaviours who have a more active and precocious sexuality. This paper tackles the question of respect of these rights in view of social equity and emphasizes the need to develop adapted programmes of sexual education.