Contenu du sommaire

Almost all the new industrial spaces in the Parisian Region, arnong which four of the five " new towns ", are located at the west and south edges of Greater Paris — at Cergy-Pontoise and from Saint-Quentin en Yvelines to Evry-Corbeil and Melun. In order to delimit them, we analyse Employment Statistics. They indicate that Paris is no more the managerial center of Manufacturing, surrounded by variate factories, but a tertiary town. Manufacturing, which has severely decreased, is now concentrated : spatial concentration around La Defense Center, concentration of Industry in a few branches and capital concentration.

The authorities became aware in the 1970's of the gravity of the rural exode, and particularly of the retirement of public services in the country — side areas, and had helped between 1974 to 1979 the post in spite of the reserve of sorne government departments, to introduce in the rural post offices the administrative diversification, allowing the postmasters to make some operations for other government departments or bodies (for instance : displaying of job vacancies of the National Employment Agency, sale of fiscal stamps, issue of identity cards, lending books). If ten years after its officialisation, that is interfered in 1979, this administrative diversification has little progressed and has not really answered to the objectives of its heads, because of reserved reactions, launching and continuation sometimes failing and an unknowledge of the real needs of the local population, its prospects and its follow-up possibilities are not negligible.

The spontaneous industry in Italy. Since the era of intensive growth, the country bordering industrial ones in Western Europe have been experiencing a local industrialization. The trend started in Italy more precisely in the intermediary areas, between the pole of modern economy in the North-West and the under-developed Mezzogiorno. The small and middle-sized family firms organised on the pattern of system-areas are prominent and perfectly suited to the requirements of flexibility. The kind of structure close to the domestic system has been consolidated since the economic crisis of 1973. The spontaneous industry both lays on the underground economy and the constant modernisation of technics and commercial methods, which helps make a defenite break through on the markets of old industrial countries, aiming at consumer goods and, more and more, intermediary goods. Being a « tangential industry », it bears more and more ressemblance to the norms of modern economy. As « a harmless industrialization », it favours the creation of jobs at low cost and the mutation without transfer of population from former agricultural areas. It provides a pattern worth to be pondered upon by specialists from Europe and Third-World countries.