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This article suggests a climatic classification, based on genetic and generic criteria, in four latitudinal zones. The zone situated between low-latitude and middle-latitude will be called "supratropical" (rather than subtropical). The geographic features explain that such a supratropical zone extends on the South-East of France (Mediterranean regions).

Functional inclusion, spatial separation and political exclusion of Black urban populations have long been characteristics of the segregated Southern African cities. To overcome this legacy, present urban policies claim to aim at creating a new citizenship for all, equalizing access to urban opportunites and reallocating financial resources to the benefit of deprived communities. However, beyond the political and territorial ongoing changes connected with these ambitions, the main approaches in terms of urban management are leading to new processes of urban fragmentation and desolidarisation. This article concentrates on these processes, which differ from previous mechanisms of segregation. It shows that, irrespective ofinstitutional form and size of urban governments, they are determined by the market-oriented principles underlying the reorganization of municipal services and by citizens' reactions to the new socio-economic situation (secessions, social specialization of urban territories, rates and charges boycotts).

In the context of the Worldwide increase in geographical research on tourism, this paper seeks to develop a more systematic approach to the study of national schools of the geography of tourism and to illustrate it by reference to New Zealand. Four key underlying factors are identified and then applied to the case of New Zealand: the national school of geography, the structure of the country's tourism, external factors and personal preferences. Distinctive New Zealand research themes include those which emphasize the analysis of tourist travel patterns, tourism in national parks, restructuring and new forms of tourism.

The French local weekiy press has not been investigated as much as the great national or regional dailies. Nevertheless, the French weekly press is important: 250 titles, 3 million newpapers, for an estimated readership of 15 million. A cartographic analysis shows the places where the weekly local press is most present: isolated and rural areas (south of the Massif Central), rural parts of industrial regions in the north of France. In some places, the weekly local press is the most widely read (sometimes by more than 80 % of the inhabitants). Conversely, there is no weekly regional press in some regions : Champagne, Lorraine. It is possible to assume that the areas covered by such papers shows some geographical cohesion. However, the analysis of Haute Normandie (the French region where the density of weeklies is one of the most important) shows a more complex reality. The local newpapers' diffusion areas often correspond with well-identified sub-regional units. But they are not very present in the places which have undergone significant demographic changes, like the suburban areas. In a context of globalisation, the weekly regional press may appear anachronistic, but the increasing number of titles in France shows that the weekly regional press has become an important element of local Systems in France. A real local development implies local democracy, and there is no democracy if citizens do not have a plurality of sources of information.