Contenu du sommaire : OMD, ODD : quels indicateurs pour le développement ?

From the Mixed Results of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Implementation Difficulties of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) MDGs, conceived in terms of social objectives to be achieved by 2015 solely for the countries of the South, did not question the collective preferences of the North. The transition from MDGs to SDGs occurs in a context where global, in particular climatic, questions dominate the debates. Translating objectives to be achieved into resources to be mobilized and into observable results (profits) is particularly difficult for a long-lasting (sustainable) and, at the same time, inclusive development. This article presents the contrasted assessment of MDGs, and examines the main stakes of SDGs in a multipolar world where the financialization of capitalism is characterized by the displacement of wealth and power and the vulnerability of part of the population.

The Theoretical Background of Millennium Development Goals: An Occultation of the Macroeconomic Dynamic of Development? The assessment of Millennium Development Goals raises questions about many limitations in their design, which reflects certain theoretical assumptions of Poverty Reduction Strategies: their focus on the symptoms of poverty rather than on causes, an individualistic approach, the occultation of a macroeconomic dynamic of development. These deficiencies lead us to think about what the foundation for a development strategy for future goals might be.

Millennium Development Goals: An Operationalization of the Right to Development and Beyond? The Millennium Development Goals are an operationalization of the right to development. In this article we scan the history of the right to development and the main criticisms that were brought to it. We show that these criticisms have largely been answered. However, three major issues remain largely open: people participation, the right of indigenous peoples and the right to a healthy environment. The particularity of these three issues is to open a debate between inalienable individual right and collective right.

Millennium Development Goals, Access to Water and Gender The eradication of gender inequalities arising from access to drinking water is exhibited as a target in many statements of international policy development. The paper demonstrates that even though Millennium Development Goal 7C which aimed to "halve, by 2015, the percentage of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water" was achieved in terms of quantitative indicators, it has little effect on gender inequalities resulting from access to drinking water

Millennium Development Goal Indicators: The “Unmet Need for Contraception”. The Relevance of the Indicator in Benin and Madagascar? The “unmet need for contraception” are one of the Millennium Development Goal indicators. This indicator guides family planning programs for over 30 years in developing countries. The article proposes a qualitative data analysis (collected in Benin and Madagascar) analysis of behaviors which can be interpreted as substitute to contraception not included in the indicator: infrequent sex and abortion.

Assessing poverty in the lower districts of Antananarivo (Madagascar): which indicators? Many different methodological researches have been undertaken in recent years on the assessment of poverty so as to consider its complexity and multidimensional aspect. Since 2010, the new multidimensional poverty index (MPI) has been applied in more than 100 countries. It incorporates some indicators pulled from the Millennium Development Goals. We have applied the MPI on two panel household surveys at a three-year interval. The surveys were conducted in a lower district of Antananarivo which is well-known as a residential trap of poor households.

Do Sustainable Development Goals Converge in the Identification of Poor Households? An Empirical Comparison in Northern Benin The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) give similar attention to multidimensional and monetary poverty. Thus, the convergence between these indexes appears crucial for future development policies. A survey conducted in northern Benin shows that these approaches identify different households as poor. The divergence between indexes is more important in large villages, which benefit from better infrastructures. Both indexes also differ regarding their association with agricultural assets such as landholding and herd size.

China, the Millennium Development Goals and the Moderately Prosperous Society Despite some apparent participation in major operations launched by international organizations such as the Millennium Development Goals, China has always kept its own counsel, introduced its own standards, developed its own objectives and established its own schedules. Thus China has initiated a strategy to develop a moderately prosperous society opposing, in a way, the vision of the World Bank.

Impacts of Social Services on Agricultural Productivity in Burkina Faso: A Distance Output Function Approach In this article, an econometric model of the multi-output distance function was used to analyze the effects of social services on the technical efficiency of agricultural farms in Burkina Faso. Results show that the number of years of formal education received by the household head, experience in agricultural practice, visits to modern health centers, and agricultural production support services have positive and significant effects on technical efficiency.