Contenu du sommaire : Population et développement

Fertility changes in the world since 1965 and their consequences In the last forty years the large majority of developing countries have seen their fertility drop, sometimes extremely fast, from over six children to below three children per woman. However 33 countries, with nearly ten per cent of the world population, still have more than six children and face very dire economic development perspectives. Fertility in the developed countries has dropped to levels often well below replacement, and these countries face aging and immigration problems.

Health, morbidity and mortality of the developing populations The health of the population represents one of the main objectives of the development. Even if the sanitary conditions have globally improved, it is still a concern in several developing countries of Sub-saharan Africa. The infant mortality and the death rate during birth, the high presence of AIDS, the control of infectious diseases, the emergence of new risks are the many challenges that will have to be met rapidly.

Economic, Social and Environmental Challenges of World Urbanization As the world population grows increasingly urbanized, the nexus of population, urbanization and development is growing critical. In developing countries, urban growth is not a response to economic progress and does not contribute to it, even if rural migrants benefit in economic terms from moving to the city. All countries, even developed, must rise to the challenge of sustainable cities, respecting their inhabitants, but also the local and global environment.

International migrations and transfers of resources to the populations of the developing countries Analysis of the relations between development and international migrations for the less developed countries is presented. One traces initially the main trends of the migratory movements in the world for next the decades and analysis is made on the two principal phenomena which will have an important impact on the welfare of the populations of the countries of origin: sending of remittances and emigration of highly qualified manpower. Second, indicators of development based on remittances are given. Last, the positive and negative effects of brain drain on developing countries are discussed.

Population and development: gender equality and women's rights The neo-liberal economy and the religious fundamentalism are characteristics of the current international context, as are the many emerging women's networks acting for the women's rights. Since Cairo's and Beijing's summits, women-men equality is a strong request. In the context of the Millennium's development goals, different issues related to the reproductive and sexual rights are described here.

Demography and education in Africa or the Goals of the Development Millenium's Mirage The demographic challenges related on the growth and the change of the age structures, are such as few African countries will be able to achieve the goals of the development millenium of in 2015. The demographic variables play, beside the social, economic, political and cultural variables a central role to explain dynamic education systems. Those, conversely, retroact on the demographic variables. These interdependences can lead in many cases to “poverty trap or underdevelopment”.

Main demographic and environmental tendencies: the stake of a viable planet This article treats demographic projections and environmental changes, by presenting a vision of the challenges which result from it for the institutions. Are examined, through the prism of the durability of our modes of development, the process of ageing, the mobility of the men and the spatial demographic changes, the renewal of the watery and forest resources, the food safety and the inheritance of biodiversity...

Social, local and territorial development: thematic and bibliographical references on the French case This article proposes to show : how the three concepts of social development, local development, and territorial development, often frays, even confused, were built in the action of the decision makers, the experts or the militant movements; which theorizations were produced by it by the researchers; and which are their ascending backgrounds (as regards population) and descendants (since political measurements which control them).