Contenu du sommaire : La stylistique entre rhétorique et linguistique, sous la direction de Bernard Combettes et Étienne Stéphane Karabétian

An Argument for the Archeology of Stylistice. The intention is to show that the origins of stylistics can be found well before the dawn of the 20th century and that furthermore they are never as effective as when they remain a theoretic discipline. Stylistics are fixed much more than they appear in the linguistical anthropology of the 19th century (from Humboldt to Steinthal). As for their approach, they depend closely on the hermeneutics of Schleiermacher. Going forward, two branches were formed: today's linguistical stylistics of Bally, which have lost contact with their anthropological base and which stem from a discipline centered around expressiveness; and secondly, more literary stylistics which are moving towards literary texts of a specific nature and which are restored by hermeneutical traditions. This branch is on its way to extinction. Consequently it is understood that, in regards to the dispute surrounding the legitimacy of stylistics, this could be a never-ending question.

The stylistics of genres. In spite of the importance of literary kinds in theory today, a stylistics of genres is still to be expected, although it was initiated in France by Pierre Larthomas. The field of such a stylistics was yet opened by Russian Formalists and Bakhtine in the twenties, but the ambivalent situation of stylistics (individual/ social discourse, formal criteria /historical and analysis, etc.), prevented it to be fully acknowledged within the field of poetics and stylistics.

From the expressive helper to the "semiotic plan" (stylistics and rhetoricin competitive examinations "Agrégation" and "CAPES"). This paper studies the official reports about the competitive examinations (to choose teachers) named in France "Agrégation" and "Capes" from 1985 tol998. Our purpose is to define the place of rhetoric into the stylistic descriptions (which are required for a specific test, coming within these examinations), and, further, to precise with witch theoretical presuppositions, and with witch special effects on the description itself. Furthermore, we suggest to place all this facts onto the "rhetoric dimension" of discourses, and more generally, in the perspective of the "enunciative praxis". This analysis is first concerned with underlining the main semantic, syntactic and enunciative categories witch link the rhetorical analysis with the stylistic one. But, on the whole, and secondly, the matter is to examine how the stylistic analysis makes the rhetorical figures significant. Our final proposition is to consider that the stylistic analysis converts each rhetorical figure, and the whole of them gathered in the text, too, in a canonical sequence composed with three stages: (1) the stage of "confrontation" between two (at least) domains or enunciative positions, (2) the stage of "enunciative assuming" witch modifies the respective weight of the confronted domains, and (3) the stage of "resolution" of the semantic conflict, which defines the conditions and the process of interpretation. Our final proposition is to consider that the stylistic analysis converts each rhetorical figure, and the whole of them gathered in the text, too, in a canonical sequence composed with three stages: (1) the stage of "confrontation" between two (at least) domains or enunciative positions, (2) the stage of "enunciative assuming" witch modifies the respective weight of the confronted domains, and (3) the stage of "resolution" of the semantic conflict, which defines the conditions and the process of interpretation.

Style in language and texts. Study of style and study of language are not to be separated, nor should grammar and stylistics be opposed. Such an opposition prevents further more an approach to language on a broader than purely grammatical basis. This is what imply Benveniste's "translinguistique", Bally's "stylistique" and Bakhtine works. The beginning of Edouard Dujardin's Les Lauriers sont coupés is used to illustrate Benveniste's and Bally's enunciative linguistics. A poem taken from Paul Eluard's Les Petits justes apply Bakhtine's theory and is used as a transtextual analysis textbook case.

Linguistic analysis of Texts and Stylistics. The recent progress of studies in cognitive field in linguistic text analysis can allow text grammar and stylistics to find common problematics. Some of the fields in which cognitive processing and discursive specificity may be taken in account conjointly are presented: drawing up connections between linguistic markers and textual structures, determining relevant textual units, defining a dynamic context, taking into account the discursive memory and the processing of informational structure. The emphasis is on interaction that occurs between various subsystems in coherence processing.