Contenu du sommaire : Guerre d'Espagne : Intellectuels et engagements

THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE CULTURE The second International Congress of writers for the defence of culture opened on 4 July 1937 in Valencia's town hall, which was the capital city of the Spanish Republic. It was organized by the Ministry of Arts and Public Instruction and by the Alliance of writers for the defence of culture and has also taken place in Madrid, Barcelona and Paris. This Congress, which was clearly anti-fascist, was the most remarkable act of propaganda of the republican government during the Spanish Civil War. It has had a global media impact and gave the intellectuals the opportunity to express their solidarity with the Spanish Republic.

THE INTELLECTUALS AT THE SERVICE OF THE SPANISH REPUBLIC: THE TRAVEL OF RAFAEL ALBERTI AND MARÍA TERESA LEÓN TO THE SOVIET UNION IN 1937 The paper reconstructs the travel which Rafael Alberti and Maria Teresa León took in 1937 to Moscow, achieving the Soviet authorization for the Congress of Antifascist Writers in Spain. The story of this visit shows that the role of foreign writers who visited Russia did not reduce to passive perception of Soviet propaganda. Writers also could be active participants in the political process.

THE LATIN AMERICAN INTELLECTUALS AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939) Due to the common historical and cultural ties between Spain and Latin America the different attitudes taken by Latin American intellectuals with regard to the Spanish Civil War were divided along lines of either rejection or adhesion depending on which side they supported in the conflict. The values and ties that were extolled would depend on the ideology which had been adopted. Those intelectuals who favoured Franco would raise the banner of Catholicism while the pro Republicans would stand for Democracy and Culture. A network of solidarity with the young Republic under attack was maintained by the visits of Latin American intelectuals to the Peninsula thus stressing the bonds which existed on both side of the Atlantic. Beyond the long history (spanning several centuries) of shared linguistic and cultural ties, the similarities which existed between Spain and Latin American nations concerning social realities and political issues led to the involvment and feeling of solidarity of Latin Americans towards Spain, the motherland

FRENCH ANARCHISM, SPANISH ANARCHISM, SPANISH WAR: THE RENÉ LAMBERET'S ARCHIVES AT THE FRENCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL HISTORY (IFHS) The French Institute for Social History (IFHS) has been hosting Renée Lamberet's large archive since 1980. As a committee member, an anarchist historian, she collected private and institutional papers, graphic material, newspapers, printed matter and books for which we have just completed a theme-based inventory. Most of her collection concerns French and Spanish anarchism between the end of the 19th century and the middle of the 20th, as well as content relating to anarchist international organizations. Wishing to construct an international biographical dictionary of anarchist militants but unable to complete it, Lamberet collected papers from French (Pierre Joigneaux, Marc Pierrot) and Italian activists, and remembrances from Spanish civil war survivors. She left behind important written material about the Spanish labour movement. Renée Lamberet became involved in the experience of revolutionary transformation of Spain in 1936, and obtained permission to investigate and consult official documents from the Generalitat of Catalonia. She then received permission to document all the Spanish libertarian movements through correspondence sent to her by the Head of the Council for Information and Propaganda of the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), the Spanish National Confederation of Labour (CNT), and the Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth (FIJL). Because of this, this collection of rare and confidential material and complete files of newspapers and newsletters covers the period 1936 to 1939. It concerns issues such as libertarian movements, policies and relationships with other Republican Popular Front movements, their organisation and economic policies (agrarian and industrial collectivizations), their social and cultural reform (new school model) , wartime propaganda and mobilization, refugee children camps, international connections with foreign countries and the International Working Men's Association (IWMA). Materials such as photographs, children's drawings, posters, songs, reflect the atmosphere of the era, shifting from revolutionary enthusiasm to disillusion with defeat. Lamberet also kept records on Libertarian refugees in France until 1945, and accounts, written by her former correspondent who became her life partner, about Spanish workers and peasant collectivities, and CNT FAI policies. Renée Lamberet not only produced surveys and studies on revolutionary Spain, but also served as a delegate to the French International Antifascist Solidarity (SIA) and provided liaison with the Spanish SIA. She also supported actions on behalf of children in Spain and, afterwards, on behalf of Spanish refugees. As a militant in the IWMA, she maintained records and archives on IWMA proceedings in 1936, but unfortunately, out of modesty, limited her records concerning the reconstruction of the IWMA. She first struggled to revive the French Anarchist Federation under the German occupation, and subsequently became Secretary-General to the IWMA from 1953 to 1956. This large archival collection may be consulted by permission of the IFHS, on the French National Archive sites. The archive records are located at the Pierrefitte sur Seine Centre, the newspapers and books at the Paris Centre (Bibliothèque Historique, CARAN).

ANDRÉE VIOLLIS AND THE DEFENCE OF THE SPANISH REPUBLIC: INFORMATION AND COMMITMENT This essay deals with the French journalist Andrée Viollis's commitment to the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War. Andrée Viollis (1870-1950) was a French journalist actively engaged in defending Spanish Republicans during the Civil War from 1936 to 1939, through her articles that were meant to both inform French public opinion and encourage them to take sides. As a special correspondent for the French papers Le Petit Parisien, Vendredi and Ce Soir, she went to the Republican-controlled zones no fewer than four times. The articles she wrote gave vivid accounts of the realities of war, on the front line and behind the lines, aimed at French readers. Her commitment to fight against fascism also drove her to try to use the intellectual networks she belonged to in order to help mobilize international public opinion. Thus she took part in the international relief effort by writing a preface to La Grande pitié des femmes et des enfants d'Espagne published by an international relief organisation in 1938, the Secours international aux femmes et aux enfants des républicains espagnols in 1938.

REPORT ON THE STUDY DAY DEVOTED TO ARCHIVAL SOURCES ON BRIGADISTAS AND FOREIGN VOLUNTEERS DURING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR, ORGANIZED BY THE BDIC ON 23 NOVEMBER 2016 For the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and of the commitment of the international volunteers alongside with the Spanish republicans, the BDIC, which is a reference documentation center on this topic, organised, with the National Archives, a study day. This study day allowed to assess the current situation regarding the new archival sources, which were made accessible for twenty years and the new research and valorization works on this topic.

THE YUGOSLAVIAN VOLUNTEERS DURING THE SPANISH WAR : A PROSOPGRAPHY The paper presents some of the results of a prosopography on the Yugoslavian volunteers during the Spanish Civil War. It deals with the different individual paths of these volunteers before, during and after the War. Their identification is particularly difficult because of the fluctuating borders of Yugoslavia during the twentieth century.

SCANNING OF THE ARCHIVAL RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS PRODUCED BY THE FOREIGN FIGHTERS' MANIFESTATIONS IN SPAIN DURING THE CIVIL WAR Foreign Fighters Phenomenon during the Spanish Civil War seems to be a well-known subject. However, the area and nature of its sources are still poorly mapped while the corpus is characterised by its extreme dispersion. This helps to conceal the diversity of the phenomenon and hinders its inclusion in a re-evaluated and wider historical paradigm.

THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ANALYSES THE COMPETITION, DURING THE 1985 PROTEST MARCHES, BETWEEN SOS RACISME AND ASSOCIATIONS LED BY DESCENDANTS OF NORTH AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS. Thanks to sources from the CIMADE (available at the BDIC), this work, which is inspired by the notion of space of social movements, shows how important was the competition instilled by SOS Racisme regarding the orientations taken by the descendants of immigrants and the migrant workers. Based on the analysis of two rival marches, the article demonstrates how these descendants and migrant workers from different associations constructed their own discourse and built a collective identity of immigration in France, which aimed to legitimize their existence in the space of social movements. Through the study of the 1985 marches, this article highlights the need to examine rivalries in the construction process of collective identities and in the choice of a repertoire of contentions.

BOOK REVIEW OF LES SENTIERS DU PASSÉ. MOSHE LEWIN DANS L'HISTOIRE. TEXTES PRÉSENTÉS ET ANNOTÉS PAR DENIS PAILLARD, PARIS, ÉDITIONS SYLLEPSES, 2015, 193 P This article is a review of the book devoted to Moshe Lewin, historian specializing in Russian and Soviet history. The book gathers original texts, interviews and methodological interrogations, allowing to discover a major historian, which is largely unknown of both the French general and academic public.