Contenu du sommaire : Jeune recherche alpine

Revue Revue de Géographie Alpine Mir@bel
Numéro vol. 101, no 1, 2013
Titre du numéro Jeune recherche alpine
Texte intégral en ligne Accessible sur l'internet
  • Cent ans de Revue de géographie alpine à Grenoble - Dominique Baud accès libre
  • One hundred years of RGA in Grenoble - Dominique Baud accès libre
  • Dinamiche della popolazione e dinamiche della memoria in una comunità alpina di confine - Roberta Clara Zanini accès libre
  • Dynamics of the population and dynamics of the memory of an alpine community on the border - Roberta Clara Zanini accès libre avec résumé en anglais
    The aim of this contribution is to correlate the demographic dynamics that can be observed in the Alps area, with those of management, transmission and valorisation of the local historical memory; in particular, this work focuses on the Piedmont town of Macugnaga, where an ethnographic research was conducted. Moving from the main theoretical, demographic and geographic proposals that concern the phenomena of repopulation of the alpine area, and from anthropological reflections on the subject of memory, there arose the need for a dialogue between the two perspectives and to adopt a multi-level method that would integrate the macro approach of demographic reconstructions with the “ground level” approach of ethnography. The increasing number of new inhabitants in the Alps raises the question of who could legitimately call themselves “mountain dwellers” and how these dynamics of belonging manifest themselves. One of the most significant ways in which belonging to the community is expressed, is through the participation in the management and transmission of the local historical memory. It will be shown how in this case study, the history of the community, characterised by early immigration movements, gave rise to the coexistence of different transmissible memories that concern different aspects of the local history. In addition, the current composition of the population is characterised by the simultaneous presence of people who express different and varied ways of living in the mountains.
  • La croissance immobilière des stations de sports d'hiver en Tarentaise - Gabriel Fablet accès libre avec résumé
    Dans un marché des sports d'hiver qualifié de mature et confronté aux handicaps d'un parc d'hébergement vieillissant, nombre de stations de sports d'hiver contemporaines connaissent une érosion progressive de leur fréquentation. Face aux échecs répétés des mesures en faveur de la réhabilitation, la construction neuve apparaît dès lors comme l'unique remède au maintien d'une activité touristique cruciale pour l'économie de ces territoires. Dans ce contexte, cet article vise à décrypter la nature et l'intensité des mécanismes de croissance immobilière dans les stations de sports d'hiver contemporaines. En s'appuyant sur l'exemple de la Tarentaise, c'est précisément le phénomène à l'œuvre de fuite en avant qui retiendra notre attention et notamment son articulation avec les spécificités d'un modèle économique structurellement dépendant de la construction pour assurer sa viabilité.
  • Real Estate Development in the Ski Resorts of the Tarentaise Valley - Gabriel Fablet accès libre avec résumé en anglais
    In the context of a mature winter sports market and ageing accommodation facilities, most contemporary French ski resorts are having to deal with a gradual decline in visitor numbers. Faced with the failure of numerous attempts to introduce rehabilitation measures, new property developments appear the only way to maintain a viable tourism economy in these mountain areas. The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into the real estate development process in ski resorts. Based on the example of the Tarentaise Valley, the paper focuses on the seemingly headlong rush of many resorts into real estate construction. More generally, it analyzes the characteristics of an economic model that is structurally dependent on permanent urban development to ensure its viability.
  • Accessibilité, équité et partage des ressources en eau - Rémi Schweizer accès libre
  • Accessibility, equity and the sharing of water resources - Rémi Schweizer accès libre avec résumé en anglais
    While the supply of water to dry or arid mountain regions has long been a major challenge, the on-going processes of climatic and socio-economic change currently affecting the hydrosystems of the Alps raise the spectre of renewed pressure on water resources and possible local shortages. In such a context, questions relating to fair distribution of water are all the more sensitive given the tendency to neglect the social dimension of sustainability. The present paper makes both a conceptual and empirical contribution to this debate by analysing a system of distribution that has a long experience of water scarcity management: the community governance models traditionally linked to the irrigation channels, or bisses, typical of the Swiss Alpine canton of Valais. More specifically, we evaluate these models in terms of accessibility and equity, characteristics that we use to operationalize the notion of ‘fair distribution'. We examine these dimensions in three case studies with a view to highlighting the limitations of the aforementioned models. Indeed, despite their cooperative and endogenous nature, they tend to not only exclude certain members of the population, but also to reproduce rather than reduce social inequalities within the community. In general, these results challenge the rosy picture generally found in the literature relating to these community governance models.
  • Gli effetti del cambiamento climatico sul regime idrologico nelle Alpi - Gabriele Confortola, Andrea Soncini, Daniele Bocchiola accès libre
  • Climate change will affect hydrological regimes in the Alps - Gabriele Confortola, Andrea Soncini, Daniele Bocchiola accès libre avec résumé en anglais
    Climate change will affect hydrological cycle and water resources in the Alps. Here we sketched potential future (2045-2054) hydrological cycle under prospective climate change scenarios within an Alpine river of Italy: Serio (ca. 300 km2). Therein, hydrology is highly dependent upon snow cover cycle, very likely to be affected by climate changes. We set up and validated a hydrological model able to mimic water resources regime of the river. We then use downscaled future temperature and precipitation from two general circulation models GCMs to feed the hydrological model and obtain projected hydrological regimes, at flow sections at different altitudes within the catchment. The scenarios and storylines from the adopted GCMs differ from one another with respect to projected precipitation and temperature amount, but agree upon decrease of the former and increase of the latter. All hydrological scenarios agree upon prospective shrinkage of seasonal snow cover due to increased temperature, and upon prospective increase of Fall and Winter stream flows as due to increased liquid precipitation. Lower discharges are projected during Spring and Summer, in view of decreased rainfall and snow cover at thaw, and the CCSM3 model provides shifting of thaw season to one month earlier. Higher catchments are more impacted because Winter flows increase more proportionally.
  • La Val Maira (Piemonte): laboratorio territoriale di un nuovo popolamento montano - Giacomo Pettenati accès libre
  • Maira Valley (Piedmont): a territorial laboratory of a new mountain population - Giacomo Pettenati accès libre
  • L'espace transfrontalier du bassin genevois : une culture alpine de l'habiter - Claire Rosset, Alexis Rousset accès libre avec résumé
    À partir de nos outils d'architecte, du projet architectural, nous proposons d'interroger l'espace transfrontalier genevois dans l'édification d'une nouvelle région alpine.Les pratiques quotidiennes des habitants remettent aujourd'hui en cause les frontières administratives et les limites de la métropole de Genève. Ce territoire est particulièrement marqué par des systèmes de relations à différentes échelles, de celle internationale à celle de la « petite ville » et de l'espace rural. Dès lors, le projet d'architecture met en place une lecture spécifique des enjeux du territoire, questionnant simultanément la densification des pôles urbains et la pérennité de la campagne urbaine genevoise. Nous aborderons l'hypothèse d'un « projet de campagne » comme structure de développement du territoire genevois, nommant « bourgs d'après » les localités voisines de la ville dense. L'hypothèse conceptuelle d'un axe transversal formé de ces bourgs devient support de stratégies et d'initiatives rurales en matière de logement, de consommation et de mobilité. Elle sera plus précisément expérimentée sur la commune de Viry à travers différentes interventions afin de construire un nouveau rapport ville/campagne.Nous envisageons donc une attitude qui travaille à la différenciation des territoires, à la différenciation entre ville et campagne. Il s'agit de continuer de questionner l'aménagement des Alpes et son urbanisation en s'appuyant sur les spécificités historiques des bourgs alpins.
  • Cross-border area of Geneva region: a culture of alpine living - Claire Rosset, Alexis Rousset accès libre avec résumé en anglais
    Using our tools of architect, of architectural project, we suggest to study the cross-border area of Geneva region in the context of the construction of a new alpine region.The inhabitant's daily way of life today questions the administrative borders and the limits of the metropolis of Geneva. This territory is particularly marked by systems of relations at various scales, from the international one, to that of the “small town” and the rural space. The process of architectural design requires a specific understanding of territorial issues, questioning simultaneously the densification of the urban poles and the sustainability of the “urban countryside” in the Geneva region.In particular, we study the hypothesis of a “countryside project” as a basis for the development of Geneva region, referring to nearby locations of the city as “the next villages”. The conceptual hypothesis of a transversal axis formed by “the next villages” becomes the basis for strategies and initiatives in various sectors, rural housing, production, and mobility.It will is experimented more exactly on the municipality of Viry through various interventions to build a new relationship between city and countryside.We plan to develop an position that distinguishes territorial differentiation, distinction between the town and the countryside, developing the idea of the inevitable influence of urban growth and the whole urbanization question of the Alpine region.