Contenu du sommaire : Perspectives critiques sur la ressource. Retours sur le ForumAlpin
| Revue |
Revue de Géographie Alpine  |
|---|---|
| Numéro | vol. 104, no 3, 2016 |
| Titre du numéro | Perspectives critiques sur la ressource. Retours sur le ForumAlpin |
| Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- La ressource n'est pas épuisée. Pour un concept renouvelé - Mari Oiry-Varacca, Emmanuelle Tricoire
- Resource Is Not Yet Exhausted: Toward a Renewal of the Concept - Mari Oiry-Varacca, Emmanuelle Tricoire
- La coordination entre régimes institutionnels de ressources comme condition d'une gestion durable des ressources touristiques alpines - Stéphane Nahrath, Christian Bréthaut
Cet article propose une analyse originale, fondée sur le cadre d'analyse des régimes institutionnels de ressources (RIR), des enjeux de gestion des ressources au sein d'un espace touristique alpin (Crans-Montana en Suisse). Il montre en particulier comment une approche en termes de RIR permet d'identifier les conditions institutionnelles et politiques d'une gestion durable, non seulement des activités touristiques en tant que telles, mais également d'un système territorial de ressources dans son ensemble. Sur la base de cette analyse, l'article plaide pour le développement d'une stratégie de « géopolitique ressourcielle » qui soit capable de coordonner les différents régimes de ressources à l'échelle de l'espace fonctionnel de la station touristique.This article, drawing on the analytical approach of institutional resource regimes (IRR), offers an original analysis of the challenges of resource management in an Alpine touristic space (Crans-Montana in Switzerland). Particularly, it shows how an approach in terms of IRR allows identifying the institutional and political conditions for sustainable management, not only for touristic activities as such, but also for a territorial system of resources as a whole. Based on this analysis, the article advocates the development of a “resource geopolitics” strategy capable of coordinating the different resource regimes at the scale of the functional space of the tourist resort. - Coordination Between Institutional Resource Regimes as a Condition for Sustainable Management of Alpine Touristic Resources - Stéphane Nahrath, Christian Bréthaut This article, drawing on the analytical approach of institutional resource regimes (IRR), offers an original analysis of the challenges of resource management in an Alpine touristic space (Crans-Montana in Switzerland). Particularly, it shows how an approach in terms of IRR allows identifying the institutional and political conditions for sustainable management, not only for touristic activities as such, but also for a territorial system of resources as a whole. Based on this analysis, the article advocates the development of a “resource geopolitics” strategy capable of coordinating the different resource regimes at the scale of the functional space of the tourist resort.
- What Policy Evidence for a European Strategy of Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions? - Erik Gløersen, Clemens Mader, Engelbert Ruoss The aspiration to implement evidence-based policies has led to an increased focus on quantitative indicators and targets defined at the European level as instruments for designing policy measures and assessing their impact. The authors argue that this constrains debate and has hindered the elaboration of a proactive European strategy for sustainable development in mountain regions. Mountain territories have highly diverse social, economic and physical characteristics; their shared traits in terms of ecological fragility, economic development challenges and exposure to natural hazards are not reflected in mainstream datasets. Two complementary instruments are proposed to produce and present evidence for sustainable resource management and processes: the Nexus Model and the Sustainability Profile Matrix. Both tools entail using evidence that is adapted to the social and economic characteristics, potentials and challenges of each locality or region. At the same time, they make compilations of evidence at the transnational and European levels possible. The objective is to enable local, national and transnational authorities to use territorial diversity as a lever in their policies, within multilevel governance in human, economic and natural resource management.
- Quelle base factuelle pour une stratégie européenne de développement durable dans les régions de montagne ? - Erik Gløersen, Clemens Mader, Engelbert Ruoss L'aspiration à mettre en œuvre des politiques basées sur des faits tend à encourager l'utilisation d'indicateurs et d'objectifs quantitatifs définis à l'échelle européenne pour élaborer des mesures et pour évaluer leur impact. Les auteurs avancent que cela réduit le champ des discussions et empêche la création d'une stratégie européenne volontariste pour un développement durable des régions de montagne. Les territoires de montagne ont des caractéristiques sociales, économiques et physiques très variables ; leurs points communs en matière de fragilité écologique, de défis de développement économique et d'exposition aux risques naturels ne sont pas pris en compte par les données conventionnelles. Deux outils complémentaires permettant de compiler et de présenter les faits pertinents pour une gestion durable des ressources sont proposés : le modèle Nexus et la matrice de durabilité (Sustainability Profile Matrix). Ces deux outils reposent sur la constitution d'une base factuelle qui reflète les caractéristiques socio-économiques, les potentiels et les défis de chaque localité ou région. Cependant, ils permettent aussi la compilation d'informations aux niveaux transnational et européen. Cela doit permettre aux administrations locales, nationales et transnationales d'utiliser la diversité territoriale comme levier dans leurs politiques, dans le cadre d'une gouvernance multiniveau des ressources humaines, économiques et naturelles.The aspiration to implement evidence-based policies has led to an increased focus on quantitative indicators and targets defined at the European level as instruments for designing policy measures and assessing their impact. The authors argue that this constrains debate and has hindered the elaboration of a proactive European strategy for sustainable development in mountain regions. Mountain territories have highly diverse social, economic and physical characteristics; their shared traits in terms of ecological fragility, economic development challenges and exposure to natural hazards are not reflected in mainstream datasets. Two complementary instruments are proposed to produce and present evidence for sustainable resource management and processes: the Nexus Model and the Sustainability Profile Matrix. Both tools entail using evidence that is adapted to the social and economic characteristics, potentials and challenges of each locality or region. At the same time, they make compilations of evidence at the transnational and European levels possible. The objective is to enable local, national and transnational authorities to use territorial diversity as a lever in their policies, within multilevel governance in human, economic and natural resource management.
- Cambiamenti socio-demografici e trasmissione delle risorse materiali e immateriali: prospettive etnografiche dalle Alpi occidentali italiane - Valentina Porcellana, Giulia Fassio, Pier Paolo Viazzo, Roberta Clara Zanini This article looks at the transmission of tangible and intangible resources from an anthropological perspective and presents two case-studies that provide both interesting commonalities and significant contrasts: the Occitan-speaking (and predominantly Waldensian) upper Pellice Valley, in the western Piedmontese Alps, and Macugnaga, a Walser settlement in the north-eastern Piedmontese Alps. Both localities host linguistic minorities and, demographically, have not suffered massive depopulation. Economically they differ since mountain pastoralism continues to be one of the pillars of economy and culture in the upper Pellice Valley, whereas Macugnaga has converted to tourism. We argue that the current focus on intangible heritage should not obscure the role of tangible assets – such as land, buildings and rights to private and collective resources – which are often essential to ensure that traditional craftsmanship is rescued and preserved. It should also not be taken for granted that the fate of intangible cultural heritage, when it possesses adequate potential, is invariably to turn into tangible, economic resources. Ethnographic research shows that this process may be hindered or mitigated as a results of negotiation between opposite views on the commoditization of cultural heritage. It also suggests that the very survival of a tradition may depend on its being “staged” to the benefit of, and shared with, tourists.
- Socio-Demographic Changes and Transmission of Tangible and Intangible Resources: Ethnographic Glimpses From the Western Italian Alps - Valentina Porcellana, Giulia Fassio, Pier Paolo Viazzo, Roberta Clara Zanini This article looks at the transmission of tangible and intangible resources from an anthropological perspective and presents two case-studies that provide both interesting commonalities and significant contrasts: the Occitan-speaking (and predominantly Waldensian) upper Pellice Valley, in the western Piedmontese Alps, and Macugnaga, a Walser settlement in the north-eastern Piedmontese Alps. Both localities host linguistic minorities and, demographically, have not suffered massive depopulation. Economically they differ since mountain pastoralism continues to be one of the pillars of economy and culture in the upper Pellice Valley, whereas Macugnaga has converted to tourism. We argue that the current focus on intangible heritage should not obscure the role of tangible assets – such as land, buildings and rights to private and collective resources – which are often essential to ensure that traditional craftsmanship is rescued and preserved. It should also not be taken for granted that the fate of intangible cultural heritage, when it possesses adequate potential, is invariably to turn into tangible, economic resources. Ethnographic research shows that this process may be hindered or mitigated as a results of negotiation between opposite views on the commoditization of cultural heritage. It also suggests that the very survival of a tradition may depend on its being “staged” to the benefit of, and shared with, tourists.
- Ein Leben wie in den Alpen? Tiroler Siedler und Siedlerinnen im Dschungel von Peru - Karin Zbinden Gysin The paper shows how an ethnic group in Pozuzo, an ancient colony, composed of Tyrolean and German settlers in the Peruvian jungle, re-create an alpine way of life. Evidence from the field in Pozuzo and Tyrol is used as a case study to illustrate how cultural resources linked to ‘alpine' ways of life are constructed and claimed within the multi-ethnic rural community of Pozuzo as well as within Tyrolean NGOs.
- Re-Creating an Alpine Way of Life: Tyrolean Settlers in the Peruvian Jungle - Karin Zbinden Gysin The paper shows how an ethnic group in Pozuzo, an old colony founded by Tyrolean and German settlers in the Peruvian jungle, recreates an alpine way of life. This case study, which is based on evidence from the field in Pozuzo and in Tyrol, illustrates how cultural resources linked to ‘alpine' ways of life are constructed and claimed within the multi-ethnic rural community of Pozuzo as well as in Tyrolean NGOs.
