Contenu du sommaire : Les métropoles face aux dynamiques de ségrégation et de fragmentation

Miami, an urban paradigm for which America ?
Miami is a « swing city » between the North and the South of the American continent : El dorado for many people from the Caribbean and Latin America it also serves as a fresh concrete slab to gain for speculators and developers from all walks of life. This city, which recently emerged in the hierarchy of American cities, concentrates heterogeneous populations with a diverse array of urban practices and representations of the city. Since the 1960s and the victory of Castro's revolution, Miami is the theater of incessant migrations and a remarkable urban sprawl extending the agglomeration to the South and the West of the county. In this very weakly planned urban area, the rapid urban changes (demographic and economic) question the current processes of urban «distancing»: segregation and fragmentation. In this article, we try to understand how intense circulations that drive the city played in the advent of spatial, social and affective distances characteristic of Miami.

School dynamics, socio-spatial transformations and segregation in Marseilles
Changing socio-spatial patterns in Marseilles are redefining the scales of segregation and entailing diverging trends in the city's school districts. A wide range of interviews and the analysis of data from the city's “pupil database” have allowed us to evaluate the role of “contexts” in the academic parenting strategies, as well as to underline the role of various actors (institutions and parents) in increasing inequalities in the school system. In the Integrated Development Zone (IDC) of the socially diverse and northern neighborhood of “les Hauts de Sainte-Marthe”, the refusal to assign one's children to schools near one's residence has resulted in a declining contact between new inhabitants and the neighborhood. In the IDC of Château Gombert, a relatively homogenous neighborhood in the 13th district, this school districting policy along with elitist academic segregation has led to social withdrawal in both school and residential environments. In the Euroméditerranée zone, institutions are in fact reproducing inequalities in a two-tier school system. The combined effects of the different actors involved clearly contribute to the strengthening of socio-spatial segregation and to the diversification of its forms in the city.

Socio-spatial segregation in the Lille agglomeration and Roubaix through an analysis of the residential mobilityThis paper aims at analyzing segregation in the Lille metropolis using a methodology based on the study of housing and residential careers. Processes of segregation and the failure of “Politique de la Ville” will be discussed. The study shows pattern of upward residential careers among working-class households, the effects of which outweighs those of disadvantaged people' residential careers. The results open research perspectives on the role of working class mobility in deprived neighborhoods.

Segregating by omission? Metropolitan governance incapacities and residential segregation
The study of socio-spatial segregation and its factors is at the heart of urban sociology for nearly a century. While most researches point out either micro-motives or macro-economic explanations of this process, the role of local authorities in these dynamics has been taken into account only more recently. In this article, we firstly explore the difficult development of metropolitan housing policies in France, although they are presented as an antidote to inter-municipal segregation. Secondly, we show that this recent strengthening of a metropolitan political capacity is acquire if– and only if – they preserve the power of mayors over populating in their city. In that sense, we can speak of a "segregation by omission", which reflects the persistent incapacity of political metropolitan institutions to implement redistributive or planning policies across their whole territory.