Contenu du sommaire : Stimuli of Innovation Opportunities

The creative combination of diverse knowledge nurtures the generation of discontinuous product innovations. In international companies, however, such knowledge is globally dispersed. Consequently, management requires appropriate mechanisms to foster international knowledge sharing. Based on a multiple case study, this paper is built up on the premise, though, that successful knowledge management should not only take into account the spatial location of knowledge, but also the number of actors involved. Current literature does not provide sufficient solutions taking into account both dimensions simultaneously when developing consistent strategies for international knowledge sharing. This paper addresses this gap and develops a dynamic model enabling companies to identify an adapted strategy depending on their organizational setting. The resulting typology provides orientation for management on how to coordinate knowledge over space and therefore also how to foster the generation of discontinuous innovations.

JEL Codes: O31

Research on carsharing focused mainly on the technical and organizational aspects, and the entrepreneurial and managerial dimensions were little discussed. Our work on innovation focused on a major carsharing operator to understand the mechanisms behind its success. Through the use of Grounded Theory, we have developed a framework of analysis showing the importance of the entrepreneurial and managerial dimensions in the design, implementation and deployment of the service thanks to the resource mobilization capacity, the capacity for innovation, and the role of a strong social capital. The conditions of emergence of the carsharing solution throughout the creation process of the network actor are reinforced by the conditions of creation of the family business social capital: stability, interactions, enhancement of the common heritage, influence on partners, network closure and joined vision on standards promoting innovation.JEL Codes: O32

This work will first consider the economic-industrial importance of digital standards in shaping the IT1 sector. Then empirical research will focus on the innovative driver represented by their coordination as open standards within an agile framework. This process innovation will be contextualized with parallel models that are constitutive of an agile paradigm, Lean Production, Agile Manufacturing, Agile Software Development, and Agile Requirements Engineering (for that purpose, the singularities between requirements engineering and digital standardization will be shown). Then an in-depth case study will be undertaken about the non-profit international consortium OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards). Findings will show how the model emphasizes agile dynamics in the industrially-oriented open coordination of digital standardization.JEL Codes: L15, O32, O33, L3, A12, M15

This paper introduces a robust empirical investigation on Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, and their key drivers. The research questions are (i) how are Triple and Quadruple Helix models characterized in general and in the context of ASEAN-5? (ii) How effective are the relationships among the actors of different helixes in this region? The panel econometric analysis with cross-sectional dependence (CD) test is used to investigate the relationship and coevolution patterns within these. The empirical analysis employs innovation indicators of five founding ASEAN countries, namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Thailand, for the period 2000-2015, from an existing WDI, GEM and WCY database. Econometric results support the two research questions of this study; first there is a significant relationship between the innovation outcome and its key drivers of different helixes in ASEAN-5 economies. Second, the extent of the relationship within government R&D expenditure in volume, post-school entrepreneurial education and training, financing entrepreneurs with high-tech productions, is positive and significant, while new ideas coming from universities in a number of scientific publications, existing government support and policies, and internal market dynamics, have a weak impact on high-tech production in ASEAN-5 countries.JEL Codes: O20, O30, O57

As societies move into cyberspace, the exponential growth of Social Media (SM) is enabling business innovations. Yet little knowledge exists on the role SM plays in driving innovations in Chinese businesses. Addressing this gap, data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis techniques. We find that SM is driving innovations in: (1) agile product testing/trials to eliminate or reduce re-work/waste, implicitly facilitating lean management, (2) development of payment and distribution channels including SM enabled Online-to-Offline business, (3) empowered integration of ‘wisdom of masses' in product/service design and delivery processes, (4) farming seeds of consumer circles for marketing/sales and enhanced loyalty, (5) development of social media shop fronts, and (6) development of agile product design teams transcending organizational talent boundaries. Academically, new findings extend theories on innovation, particularly open innovations. Managerially, the findings provide strategies for business/IT executives to leverage SM to drive innovations, and policy makers in developing policies that facilitate SM-driven innovations.JEL Codes: O14, L86, N75

Despite advances made in the last five decades, women remain underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) degrees and occupations. This gender gap is also evident in the number of women in modern communities of technophiles called Maker culture and the common Maker co-working spaces such as fablabs. Since fablabs are considered as inclusive and collaborative workspaces, we aim to research the current level of women's inclusion in the Maker culture, the possible root causes of women's underrepresentation, and we examine the means to tackle this issue at a micro-level. Our findings from an ethnographic study that started in a fablab community located in the south of France and expanded through semi-structured interviews with members of the Maker culture offer interesting insights on the question of gender inequalities.JEL Codes: O3, L3, J16, I24, Q55

This study provides a conceptual and empirical clarification of the extent to which the Big Five personality traits of openness to experience, extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness affect entrepreneurial success in an emerging country context. We also examine whether gender moderates the association between these five personality traits and entrepreneurial success. 174 Tunisian entrepreneurs were surveyed by using a questionnaire and the partial least squares method and multi-group analysis were piloted to test the six research hypotheses. The results clearly demonstrate that entrepreneurial personality traits that relate significantly to business success are characterized by high emotional stability, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. Further, the results illustrate that gender moderates the association between personality and entrepreneurial success. Government agencies that promote and encourage entrepreneurs and business creation may find the presented findings useful in helping to recognize future successful entrepreneurs on the basis of their personality traits.JEL Codes: M1

The study aims at quantifying the impact of innovative methods of payment used in Pakistan on the efficiency ratio (ER). Secondary data issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for the period 2007-2016 is used. Through the unit root test, the issue of stationary imperfection connected with unsynchronized arrangement information is settled before using multiple regression models. The result of the study indicated a significant positive relation of transactions on the Web/Internet on ER. But the results for Automated Teller Machines (ATM), Point of Sale (POS), and Mobile Banking (MOB), were found to be statistically non-significant. Furthermore, the Granger impact appraisal revealed that no innovative products had a critical effect on ER, but they did have a significant effect on the value of transactions. Thus, it is suggested that innovative methods should be redesigned in such a way that customization would enable a customer to access all banking services and reduce transaction costs.JEL Codes: O, O3, O31, O310