Contenu du sommaire

A Century of Music Education in Primary School, Michèle Alten. At a time when arts education for young people is listed as a national priority, this retrospective reminder shows that primary school, since Jules Ferry, has wavered between a rather unsinging citizen tradition except for the laborious learning of a few patriotic verses and a more melodious cultural tradition whose necessity never convinced the teachers. Only the Popular Front and the Vichy regime manifested a particular interest in school music. Theoretically obligatory but usually out of reach, a source of conflicts between musicians and pedagogues, here is the uninspired history of a discipline that doesn't sound good, of an education with troubling accents.

A Propagandist's Path: Gustave Hervé from anti-patriotism to Pétainism (1871-1944) Gilles Heure. Gustave Hervé was a lycée professor won over to socialism. He had an active carreer as a militant socialist committed to antimilitarist and antipatriotic combat. His stands led him to imprisonment several times and made him Jean Jaurès' uncomfortable adversary in the beginnings of the SFIO. The disappointment in the workers' movement apathy, the membership in the holy Union, then the antibolshevism are the steps of shift to the right that led him between the two world wars to reinvest his propagandist talents in authoritarian national socialism and to become an admirer of Mussolini. He illustrates the ideological paths that crossed the Third Republic ; his itinerary is that of a polemicist who remained until the end a prisoner of the extremes in which he wrapped himself up.

The Monument to the Martyrs of Oradour-sur-Glane by Fenosa, Bertrand Tillier. In 1944 while he was in Limousin, the Catalan sculptor Apel les Fenosa (1899-1988) - a republican refugee living in France since 1939 - received the commission for a monument to commemorate the destruction of the village of Oradour-sur-Glane. Exhibited in the Salon of Extra-in-dependents (des Surindépendants) in 1945, the work was generally favorably received by the critics at the same time that it was virulently refused by the Limoges religious anthorities who denonced its failure to commemorate the massacre and saw in it an insuit to the memory of the victims. Entered as part of the Paris National Museum of Modem Art collections in 1947 under the aegis of Jean Cassou, the monument was not installed in Limoges until 1981. This article attempts to analyze the various motivations that led to its eviction in the multiple post-war strata in which history, art, politics and the stakes of memory are all intertwined.

French Post-war Occupation in French-German Relations Since 1945, Rainer Hudemann. Recent research and the opening up of archives make it possible to reinterpret French-German relations concerning French occupation at the end of the Second World War. Many preconceived ideas have been challenged, particularly the fact that French policy concerning Germany in 1945 was a reprint of its 1919 economic and military security policy as well as its policy of obstruction on the Berlin Interallied Control Council in which it was very active. After 1945, important French initiatives were implemented on the ground in the occupation zone, preparaing for future cooperation.

Origins of the 1968 generation: French Students and the Vietnam War (1965-1968), Laurent Jalabert. The mobilization of French students against the war in Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 often seemed like a rehearsal of May 1968: rival revolutionary ideological de- mands, creation of competitive student committees, and street demonstrations are the main characteristics of this very active anti-American campaign. The contestation created lasting bonds between the students and some universities whose research involved them in third-world issues. This commitment of French intellectual youth contributed to the political training of the 1968 generation.

Police Myths in French Cinema, from the 1930s to the 1980s, Yannick Dehée. Through the example of the police in French cinema, "popular" films called will be analyzed as a political myth. The police hero as seen on the screen, from Maigret of the 1930s to Belmondo of the 1970s and the Ripoux of the 1980s, underscore the change in people's mentalities and reveal a growing malaise as to the state of society.

Enquiry on a French Legendary Television Program: Les Cinq Dernières Minutes (The hast Five Minutes) (1958-1973), Muriel Favre. In the 1960s, television viewers were wild about the investigations carried out by Inspector Bourrel and his assistant Dupuy in Les Cinq Dernières Minutes. A minute examination of this program shows how television functioned at the beginning and provides additional proof that the interest of police series is as an indicator of the cultural and mental state of a society.

Radio-Canada and the Promotion of Francophone Culture (1936-1997), Aurélie Luneau. In the service of 6.5 million Francophones, Radio-Canada (SRC) has been fighting since 1936 against Anglophone assimilation. From the promotion of Francophone artistic talents to the Frenchification of sport vocabulary, the defense of French culturs has been accompanied by a constant effort to assure the literary quality of the spoken language. The French spoken on the SRC today plays the role of language reference. But the undertaking has been suffering since 1986 by a budget squeeze, to the extent of seeing its mission put into question.