Contenu du sommaire

Abstract. The Romanian geographic historiography records a great personality, that of prof. E. de Martonne, who, for thirty-five years of beneficial scholarly research, has dedicated himself to the Romanian land and who has written more than seventy scholarly works, among which are two doctoral theses entitled « La Valachie » and « L'évolution morphologique des Alpes de Transylvanie ». Four main aspects define the coordinates of his activity, which coexist intrinsically. Predominant is, however, the scholarly research which comprises almost all the Romanian provinces, rendering the basis of regional study in examining the Romanian provinces. The sphere of scholarly interest includes almost all the domains of geography, beginning with geomorphology and ending with human geography. The second aspect of prof. De Martonne' s activity is closely connected with the organizing, together with prof. G. Vâlsan, of modern geographical higher education in Cluj. Thus, his name enters the gallery of the greatest professors the Transylvanean University has ever had. De Martonne was a steady fighter for a close mutual relationship between France and Romania, thus making Romania's hopes and aspirations known to the Western world. We cannot neglect, then, his contribution to the tracing of the borders of our country in 1918, at the Peace Conference from Paris, which meant, in fact, Romania's come-back « ... to its natural and legitimate destinies ». He has been awarded Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Cluj, Honorary Citizen of the Transylvanean capital, and as an apotheosis of his activity he has been awarded « The Order of Romania's Star » as « The Great Cross ». De Martonne's name, which was given to one of the streets close to the University of Cluj, will for ever be linked with the development of geography in our country.

Abstract Emm. de Martonne was a scientist but, also, a good organizer. In the field of teaching he founded the Institutes of Rennes, Lyons and Paris and, too, the High School of Cartography. He represented geography at the High Studies, at the French Research Center, at the French Association for the Advancement of Sciences, and he established our Association of French Geographers. Manager of the International Geographical Congress of Paris (1931), he became President and, then, Honorary President, of the I.G.U. Emm. de Martonne was neither a «school leader» nor a theorician : his scientific behaviour based merely on facts, and this is enough, perhaps, to explain why he is no longer in fashion... for the time being.

Abstract. Emm. de Martonne, in 1910, had already emphasized on the role of glaciers in the mountains. Then he brought out the importance of climate in morphogenesis (1913), of snow at high altitude, of aridity all over the world (1920-1935). After having been in Brazil, he gave an accurate definition of the effects of biochemical weathering under tropical climate ; he understood the structural origin of sugar-loaves, and apologized upon the specificity of Tropics 1938-1946). We may, therefore, consider he has been a forerunner of modern geomorphology.

Abstract. Intergranular pores have a gazeous, fluid, or solid filling. They occur during crystal growth or by further hydrothermal activity cementing fissure aligments. Rutile needles are eventualy broken by quartz crystal crushing. In corsican granites, hydrothermal inclusions are numerous. But granodiorites have greater amounts of inclusions than later acide granites, and have kept primary inclusions. Their cavities are not affected by experimental freezing.