Contenu du sommaire

Abstract. - Turco-Mongols invaders fitted well to Iranian urban civilization. They found its towns attractive, spread amply in the plains, among gardens and running waters. Hence the changes they introduced in the urban geography of Iranian countries are very scanty, much less important than in Asia Minor. It is perhaps one of the reasons of the successful resistance of Iranian culture.

Abstract. - The Tâlesh region and the Tâlesh people in north-western Iran : The Tâlesh range, between the Caspian coastal plains and the plateaus of Azerbaijan, holds its name from the inhabitants of the eastern side, the Tâlesh. These Highlanders have adapted themselves to their mountainous and woody environment by intricate pastoral migrations. Thus, this group is quite original with regard to its neighbours, the Gilak sedentary rice-growers of the Gilân plain, and the Azeri Turks of the Ardabil and Khalkhâl regions. But beyond this originality of the whole people, a great diversity can be observed between the different valleys, due to relief partition, political anarchy, and recent Turkish penetration in northern Tâlesh.

Abstract. - The so-called Shelgar area, the northern part of the large topographical depression which stretches from Ghazni to Qandahâr, is heterogeneously inhabited by sedentary Tadjik and Pashtun villagers ; the latter are recent immigrants who first arrived in the XVIIIth century according to varied processes which have been reconstituted in spite of the absence of written documents. The ethno-linguistical border is clearly defined and has a geographical meaning as well. The duality in population can be seen in the landscape through two features : differences in settlement patterns (Pashtun qal'a versus Tadjik one storied-house ; loose Pashtun village versus compact Tadjik one) and differences in the use of irrigated lands (the commercially orientated fruit arboriculture by the Tadjik versus the growing of cereals by the Pashtun). Yet a shift towards uniformity can be noticed thanks to cultural exchanges between the two communities : the Tadjik build more and more according to the qal'a patterns while the Pashtun are increasingly concerned in arboriculture.

Abstract. - The intensifying action in agriculture in damp areas related to water-control and soil improvement is at the root of conflicts between agriculture and tourism. Its brings about a change of the agrarian landscape, new types of cultivation and a disappearance of the entertaining function. The author presents the case of the great meadows of the Anjou, studying more especially example of the meadows of Mollay, by the Thouet, affluent on the left side of the Loire.

Abstract. - Located in the Ardennes Massive, Noville is ever a completely agricultural rural district, in process of reconstitution, when the half of the Ortho territory is devoted to touring activity.

Abstract. - Between Dunkerque and the Belgian border, the sea-shore and its immediate hinterland are going to be organized, as far as touring layings out are concerned, in order to balance the industry and harbour extensions which are now realized between Dunkerque and Calais. But various functions are placed in competition althoung they are in some way complementary : touring, agriculture, industry, built spaces, infrastructures for traffic, protection of nature. The Ghyvelde example is closer analysed.