Contenu du sommaire

Abstract. - The specificty of the maritime populations of the North Sea and eastern Channel between 1650 and 1850 lies in the fact that their relationship to the sea is the main source of the whole of their professional, social, cultural and familial organisation. This way they reinforce a communal specificity which is more visible in the towns than in the countryside. The changes experienced by the harbour economy, the demographic expansion, have rendered these original populations more and more marginal, compelling them to a choise between self-contained continuance or dispersal, according to their greater or lesser attachment to the sea.

Abstract. - The fishing communities along the French coasts have experienced a rapid evolution over the last 15 years. The basic elements of their traditional identification, such as the sense of belonging to a specific district, the continuance of time-honoured social practices are now being questioned. The present destabilisation of these maritime communities comes from the loss of the sociospacial references which had, from immemorial time founded the identity of these communities. The corollary of this is a decrease of the relationship to the sea, particularly a lesser appeal to the occupations related to the marine element. The ways and attitudes of continental people are imitated and integrated into the social patterns of the fishing communities. The social changes at Les Sables-d'Olonne in the fishing community can be traced through 2 socio-geographical questionnaires, from 1967 and 1985. The picture that comes out of these polls is a loss in the cultural drive and social cohesion of the sea-faring people.

Abstract. - Since the 1970's the seaboard of Higher Normandy has made room for new activities along its sea shore lying between the shoreline and the 5 nautical miles limit. These new implantations vie with the older functions of the seaside for the utilisation and occupancy of the littoral space, especially fishing. Most of the newer activities do not bring with tham new populations or occupations. Only did the two nuclear stations. Along the littoral space and in the harbour- towns, only the fishermen form a real society, although the elements of persistence over the years and stability of this society, are affected by the new trends. The merchant sailors, as well as the people employed in the harbours, constitute for the former a social entity having their abodes away from the harbours far inland on the continent, for the latter mere occupational groupings. Inside the coastal strip, only private fishermen find themselves in touch with people from outside the region or having nothing to do with the sea, such as the management of the nuclear industry. As opposed to other sections of the french coasts the holiday-makers do not fill in the gaps left by the fishing communities in the occupancy and all-the-year round animation of the seaside.

Abstract. - The technological changes in the pointed industries put back the organization and management of the undertacking as the industrial locations. Three locations are judged priorities : the scientific campus, a good accessibility to transport axis and poles (mobility strategy), a good position favouring the «distinguished impression ». The classical industries are in competition with those of the Third-World, and it's necessary for them to fit rapidly, with transnationalization and segmentation of productions, and development of little and middle firms.

Abstract. - In the last 20 years, the Baltimore-Washington area has developed into a major high-tech center, especially in the fields of defense industries, telecommunications and biotechnology. Pentagon contracts and medical research centers have played a pivotal role in the growth of these Capital Technologies. Most of the industrial parks are located along the Dulles Airport Access Road, Interstate 270 Northwest of D.C. and in the Baltimore-Washington corridor.

Abstract. - We recorded these last few years, in the two departments of Val-d'Oise and Seine-Saint-Denis (Region of Ile-de-France), the rise of a great deal of high-tech industries. The acceptance of this breeding-ground by the local authorities, would allow the establishment of a « Technologic Pole North-lle-de-France » .

Abstract. - After their impact on numerical informations flows, the technological changes just produce their effects on the written informations flows. At once, it's the entire networks architecture which is concerned, improving a new processes organization in the services and new-locations of some tertiary fonctions toward the others french regions.

Abstract. - Modern technology is throwing the process of making in the clothing industry. It allows an increase in productivity and a reduction in costs so signifiant that the delocalisation in countries where labour is cheap is questionned. It is the beginning of qualitative and quantitative changes in the labour and of disappearance of family enterprises.

Abstract. - This paper studies, through the example of the bureautic, the geographical impact of the french dependency on industrial and spatial structures in high technology industries. It shows the part played by Ile-de-France as an axis, particularly in the commercial sphere, and the decentralisation of the production.