Contenu du sommaire : La réforme de l'Etat en réforme de l'Etat en Asie orientale

La réforme de l'État en Asie orientale

• Introduction - Guy Faure p. 8 pages
• La réforme de la fonction publique au Cambodge, indicateur de la transition - Maurice Gaillard p. 14 pages
  Reform of the Civil Service in Cambodia : a Sign of Transition The transition in Cambodia from communist dictatorship to liberal democracy has been fraught with similar difficulties to those experienced by all former communist countries, but also with others which are a product of its particular history and culture. Reform of the Cambodian civil service is a telling example. Alongside the heritage of a robust conception of public sector employment lies a deficiency of authority and a lack of means to introduce reforms. Thus, Cambodia finds itself torn between international pressures to reform and local practices open to all influences, hindering any attempt at modernisation. Until now resistance has triumphed over reform, leading the govemment to introduce a two-speed System which is being applied to the civil service.
• L'État, les conglomérats et les élites politiques en Corée du Sud : l'enjeu du gouvernement de Kim Dae-jung - Kyeong Heo p. 18 pages
  The State, Conglomerates and Political Elites in South Korea : the Stakes Waged by Kim Dae-jung's Government The 1960s heralded the development of a number of powerful conglomerates in South Korea called Chaebols. While the State largely approved of their development, these conglomerates have resulted in a large concentration of economic interests. This article analyses the relationships and the conflicts of interest which have arisen between political authorities and the conglomerates. When Kim Dae-jung put forward his candidature in the elections, in a context of financial crisis, he promised to reduce the role of the State in the market while also limiting the influence of the Chaebols. Above ail he is set to follow the plan for stabilising the economy as laid out by the IMF, without really having introduced the anticipated reforms or having fulfilled his pre-election promises.
• L'État indonésien face à la crise : de la banqueroute à la réforme - François Raillon p. 18 pages
  The Indonesian State Facing Crisis : from Bankruptcy to Reform The policy introduced in Indonesia for reforming the State is closely linked to the unprecedented economic crisis which hit the country along with the rest of South-East Asia at the end of the 1990s. While economic liberalisation had considerably shaken the authoritarian regime established by General Soeharto, it was, in particular, the State's inability to address the economic crisis and to satisfy the requirements of the IMF which accelerated political change. BJ Habibie's accession to power marked the beginning of a period of State reform aimed at democratising the regime — notably by reducing the role of the military, fighting corruption, decentralising power and enhancing economic freedom. However, this policy rapidly fulfilled its limited scope. Will the reformist policy adopted by President Wahid, who has replaced B J Habibie, enjoy greater success.
• Les conditions politiques de la réforme de l'État au Japon. Le fonctionnement du «marché politique» et la légitimité à l'épreuve de la crise - Jean-Marie Bouissou p. 25 pages
  The Political Conditions for Reform of the State in Japan. The functioning of the «Political Market » and Legitimacy Put to the Test by Crisis Contrary to what is suggested by a reductionist view, reform of Japan's central administration since 1993 has proceeded less from a confrontation between senior civil servants and those in electoral office, as from the development of relations between political, managerial and administrative elites. This particularly complex game, influenced by globalisation and the internal logic of the Japanese political System, has enabled, in particular, the legitimacy of the political sphere to be restored. In fact, the process of State reform reveals a redefinition of the rules of the political game, marked by a renewal of discourses and the emergence of new actors. However, will this evolution, which has tended to increase the power of the new political elites to the detriment of senior civil servants, bring about institutional modifications likely to perpetuate similar developments.
• Crise asiatique et (non) réforme de l'État en Chine populaire - Jean-Pierre Cabestan p. 13 pages
  The Asian Crisis and (Lack of) Reform of the State in the People's Republic of China Since the death of Mao Zedong, a reform of the State has been undertaken in the People's Republic of China. Even though the System remained founded upon the dictatorship of a single party, the Communist Party, this party withdrew somewhat from the economic sphere leaving a space for important economic and political reforms and a certain liberalisation of society. It is within this context of the failure to fully complete State reform that the People's Republic of China has been faced with the effects of the Asian crisis, progressively freezing the reforms undertaken, to the extent that the Asian crisis has, first and foremost, revealed the fragility inherent within the System. While no political System founded upon a single party has managed to put in place a System fully implementing the rule of law, one can wonder about the future stability of the People's Republic of China where, for the moment, the structural reforms which are indispensable to its development have not been undertaken.
• La réforme administrative au Vietnam - Yoshiharu Tsuboi p. 13 pages
  Administrative Reform in Vietnam Economic crisis has brought about a liberalisation of the economy which has meant political and administrative changes realised through the adoption of a new Constitution. However, the actual implementation of administrative reforms is running up against both former political traditions and administrative sluggishness. Consequently an appraisal of current administrative reform in Vietnam necessarily paints a picture containing many contrasting features.
• Crises et réformes de l'État en Asie du Sud-Est : l'ASEAN impuissante - Sophie Boisseau du Rocher p. 10 pages
  Crises and State Reform in South-East Asia ASEAN is an organisation dependant upon the States of which it is composed. The crisis faced by these States could not help but produce repercussions for this organisation. Therefore, while ASEAN initially lacked the power to respond to the crisis, then found itself blocked, rejected, and finally neglected, it seems, however, that today, it has found its second wind. In fact, certain political leaders within the region have realised that the crisis can only be resolved at the regional level and that ASEAN can play a role in this which will be useful to them.
• Bibliographie sommaire sur les réformes de l'État en Asie - p. 3 pages

Étude

• Les cadres du privé et du public : des valeurs sociopolitiques en évolution - Luc Rouban p. 16 pages

Chroniques

• Chronique de l'administration

  • Au jour le jour - Francis Chauvin, Hervé Rihal, Francis Chauvin p. 7 pages
• Chronique des entreprises publiques - André Georges Delion, Michel Durupty p. 10 pages

Informations bibliographiques

• Notes de lectures

  • Bui-Xuan (Olivia), Les femmes au Conseil d'État, préf. J. Chevallier, Paris, L'Harmattan, (coll. «Logiques politiques»), 2001 - Marie-France Christophe-Tchakaloff p. 1 page
  • Nicinski (Sophie), L'usager du service public industriel et commercial, préf. Laurent Richet, Paris, L'Harmattan (coll. «Logiques juridiques »), 2001 - Marc Loiselle p. 2 pages

La réforme de l'Etat en réforme de l'Etat en Asie orientale

Etude