Contenu du sommaire : Politique de développement local et international du Maroc

The plateau of Yagour is one of the high places of the cultural and natural heritage of the northern watershed of the Toubkal massif in Morocco. Through his inheritances, he attests to a long adaptation of the Man to his environment. Indeed, since the prehistory, the residents of the Yagour have adopted agro-pastoralism as a way of life. Through their ancestral know-how, they maintain a symbiosis between two productive systems, namely agriculture (vegetable, cereal and fruit), and extensive livestock farming. Common property shared and managed by rights holders from neighboring valleys, the Yagour constitutes a resource of reserve and survival during the dry season. The villagers' then transhumate in the summer pastures of the Yagour which they have commonly reserved for natural regeneration from the beginning of spring to the beginning of summer. In addition to this management system locally called “Agdal”, the Yagour is full of heritage treasures including rock carvings dating back more than 2000 years before our era for the oldest. These trace the history and evolution of the predecessors of the mountain people around the Yagour.
Today, this place of sacredness and ancestral culture undergoes various socio-spatial changes that constrain the perpetuity of its inheritances and landscapes. The development of the accessibility of the Yagour favors the mobility of riparian populations and, of course, tourists. Straddling between the valley of mass tourism of “Ourika” and the valley barely touristic of the “Zat”, the Yagour plateau should in the near future face the challenges of the tourism industry.
In the face of such an upheaval and in order to ensure the sustainability and promotion of the various heritage resources, this article will first examine the changes and developments in the different production systems, their trends of convergence or divergence, and the resulting synergies and competitions. In a second phase, we will discuss the potential and the challenges that tourism could bring to this territory, its heritage and the people who live there. Finally, we will examine the role of mediation between actors, in their nested and hierarchical system, in order to face the new stakes of this territory, as well as the role of tourism as a facilitator of this mediation.

The weaving activities in the Moroccan hinterlands is undergoing profound changes because of its commodification and internationalization. The network of actors involved grows and tends to be more and more specialized, by playing a role of “translation” in the sense of the actor-network theory. This is done to the detriment of women weavers who are in a situation of greater dependency.

Successive public policies aimed at developing activity in the High Atlas Valleys have modified and deteriorated the equilibrium between men and nature. The last decades have been marked by the gradual extinction of low-income agropastoral activities in the face of the rapid expansion of arboriculture. Tourism is seen as an additional risk but also an opportunity for development provided that new balances are found which would reconcile the various activities in a harmonious manner, preserving the environment, like traditional production methods.

This article aims to assess the material and immaterial contribution of rural women in the context of small farming in the hinterlands of Morocco and in particular the constraints they face in overcoming the difficulties of access to the main factors of production, including land, water, credit and technical advice. The activity of rural women is generally invisible, ie little recognized or valued in society, which leads to an underestimation of their contributions to the economy and society. This is largely due to their relative exclusion from the monetary and market sphere.

Morocco is developing an active regional strategy in Africa. It uses various instruments based on three dimensions : policies, in its successful integration within the African Union : economical, with the investments of big national groups, religious with the spread of an alternative Moroccan Islam to the Salafist version. Morocco thus manages to be a key player with a stabilizing role, which is also useful in relations between Europe and Africa.

The relationship between democratic transition and women's breakthrough in political governance is a prolific object of research in political literature. The results, however, are divergent. For some, the democratic transition would favor the evolution of the place of women in the instances of political power. For others, there is not necessarily a link between these two phenomena, sometimes even the transition would be detrimental to the representativeness of women.
Our research, which focuses on Tunisia between 2011 and 2016, proceeds according to three rationales : a statistical analysis of the gendered evolution of political power since the fall of Ben Ali's authoritarian regime ; a sociographic study of women in decision-making positions ; and an examination of the perceptions of these same feminine elites about their place in the new political scene. The comparison of the results of our quantitative and qualitative study shows that, despite a positive quantitative evolution in the government and parliament as well as a sociological diversification of these women politicians, the latter, very often, judge the democratic transition negatively in terms of women's representation.

Unlike the other Saharan regions, the Fezzan in Libya constitutes a historical and symbolic but also geopolitical centrality. Centrality at the country level but also at the level of the Saharo-Sahel region. Political and territorial recompositions in Fezzan and Sahel are strongly linked and interact. We propose to shed light on certain dimensions of conflicts in this region through the entry of Sahelian transnational networks.

This article examines the complex interrelationship between nationalism and social movement theories. Although nationalist and social movements share similarities in terms of organisation and mobilisation techniques, there is a lack of literature bridging these two themes. This article offers a review of both literatures followed by a discussion on how to tie nationalist movements with the agendas of social movements. It proposes a contribution to these debates by arguing that nationalist movements are likely to mutate into social movements when their initially-claimed objectives are advanced but not realised in full. The contemporary Basque, Northern Irish and Kurdish examples are provided to substantiate this argument.