Contenu du sommaire : Croyances. Avatars du religieux en Asie et en Amérique latine

Croyances. Avatars du religieux en Asie et en Amérique latine

• Présentation. - Marion Aubrée
• Du salut du peuple de Dieu au salut de Mexico. La participation politique des évangéliques. - Elio Masferrer Kan
  From the salvation of the people of God to the salvation of Mexico : The political participation of the Evangelists. The text draws a panorama of the role played by Mexican « Evangelists » in national politics during the last century. Though a minority, their growing numbers have transformed them into an inevitable group. The author analyses the dynamics of their behavior in relation to political phenomena, to elections and to the diversity of attitudes they have adopted in front of the last two governments (Salinas de Gortari and Fox). The analysis further concerns the instability in the Chiapas, where the increase of converts in Indian communities has lead to an explosive social situation.
• La représentation de l'Esprit-saint chez les Pilaga du Chaco central. - Anatilde Idoyaga Molina
  The representation of the Holy Spirit among the Pilaga of central Chaco. The Pilaga are among the indigenous populations of the Chaco in Argentina. Their cosmogony brings into play a great diversity of spiritual entities that sustain relationships of dependency and/or conflict among themselves and with humans. Far from implying a conversion to Western values, the introduction of a Pentecostal movement in the 1940s brought about the appropriation of the figure of the Holy Spirit and its fusing into a symbolical universe crisscrossed by ancestral and foreign dimensions. In particular, the author shows how some chamans also resort to « conversion » as a way of affirming a new power.
• La "force du Saint-Esprit" au service de la mondialisation. - Marion Aubrée
  The «force of the Holy Spirit » in the service of globalization. The numerical explosion of the Pentecostal current in Latin America has brought about reformulations inducing behavior related to the national and cultural fabric of its insertion. Brazil in this respect is particularly revealing of creativity given its numerous denominations tuned to new globalization determinants. Among these, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God has followed a remarkable path leading to Europe, among other places, whereby it is actively involved in proselytizing and addressing mainly African and Caribbean immigrants. The analysis studies the ritual adaptations of what the author terms as a « Neo-Pentecostalism » to the original cultures of the
• Marché des croyances et socialisme de marché au Viêtnam. - Monique Sélim
  The market of beliefs and market socialism in Vietnam. The author deciphers the various axis of a return of « beliefs » in a post communist Vietnam, which has however not abandoned an almost fifty years-old official discourse. One may thus witness a cult dedicated to Lieuh Hanh, a mythical figure that is restructuring historic and cultural identity. The second axis turns around personages whose practices embody geomancy, magnetism, meditation and astrology ; they are the new actors of individual and collective salvation. Finally the « mediators of the dead », a category that derives from the previous one - have to render to their families the bodies of those dead or disappeared during the last wars of liberation of the country, through some sort of exorcism. The analysis brings to light the way in which the State uses the new rituals for political aims.
• L'hindouisme nationalisé et internationalisé. - Djallal G. Heuzé
  Nationalized and internationalized Hinduism. Hinduism might be the set of religious practices and ideologies which endured the deepest evolution during the past thirty years. The process of change was the result of a long maturation made of reformism and reaction combined and com- plexely interacting. New phenomenas as the rise of unemployed youth, specific inferiority complexes and armed confrontations, helped to pave the way for a new kind of hinduism and hindu attitudes, nationalist, politicised, somewhat centralised and more and more simple. The contribution explains how the complex set of communal attitudes and history between hindus and muslims have helped to promote this evolution. It also introduces the major role played by the polemics about a small mosque of the Gangetic Plain. As it is finally argued, the process of internationalisation of hindu perspectives and organisations is related to its nationalisation.