Contenu du sommaire : Lutte sociale en Pologne.

Georges Mink Polish Sociology : history and trends This historical survey of polish sociology from 1945 until today does more than brush up or summarize the main trends involded. Beyond his critical evaluation, the author offers an epistemological insight cen¬ tered on the paradoxe of sociology as a profession in a country where state doctrine dominates all forms of indépendant thought on society. Theory and methodology appear in this article as a result of the social and political conditions in which sociology is produced.

Jean-Yves Potel Workers self-management claim by Solidarity movement Poland had already experienced workers self-management in 1956. In 1980 however, this claim was not pushed forward by the leaders of Soli¬ darity Movement : they were reluctant to have to cope with the economic crisis for which the communist Party was mostly accountable. According to the author, while the crisis was extending more and more profoundly, the claim of workers self management came to a priority. Experiments in factories and theoretical debates led directly to the problem of taking over the central power and to different strategies to do it. In december 1981, when Jaruzelski put an end to the movement, the Union had no made its definitive choice.

Dubet, Touraine, Wieviorka Sociological intervention with militants of Solidarity The authors explain the logic of union action through sociological intervention with militants of Solidarity. As a workers movement, Solidarity is also a democratic and national movement. It does not aim at taking power, but it is a force of liberation of society which spreads little by little to the whole economic system. The authors finally make a diagnosis on polish society, and the crisis of the totalitarian system aiming at controling the whole social life.

Nicole Fratellini, Thomas Lowit, Anne Planche From official trade-unions to solidarity There is not one but quite a few different forms of trade-unionism. The polish example leaves no doubt on this bit of evidence. The rupture introduced by Solidarity — an indépendant and self determinated union based, for the first time, on the right to associate — takes on it's full meaning only in reference to the official union model prevailing before august 1980. After having clearly explicited this model, the authors show how a " revo¬ lution " gave birth for fifteen months to an entirely new type of what could be called " control " unionism. Their analysis is all the more convincing that it stands on a broad knowledge of power structure in eastern socialist countries.

Jean-Charles Szurek Agrarian crisis and " rural solidarity " movement The Polish Communist Party has never clearly and definitely decided its policy towards peasantry. So many various changes took place at time. Recently, it unexplicitly favoured collective farms against small peasants, and at tremendous costs for public finances, agricultural production and small farmers. This largely explains the agrarian crisis in the late 70's. The profound peasant unrest exploded in the " rural solidarity " movement. The author shows how this participation, altogether with exchange and cooperation concrete agreements with workers in factories, restored the social and national identity of this social strata.

Bogdan Yung A grievance : free time The grievances on free time and leisure led, with the Gdansk agreement, to the conquest of free Saturdays. But there was a long history behind this. The author discusses first its meaning and its possible consequences on production. Then he studies the evolution of leisure through time-budget, which he analyses by sex and by qualification. This structure of time-budget contains good informations on the meaning of ways of life in the various social categories in Poland.

H. Malewska-Peyre Research on equalitarian ideology The article evaluates the present stage of polish research on equalitarian ideology. These researches, which suffer many eclipses, are concen¬ trated during hopeful periods of the history of sociology. Until recently the attitudes in Poland favored a limited and moderate equalitarianism on wages ; but its criteria varied according to jobs and social strata. The equalitarian mode is also diversified according to its meaning : ano¬ ther question being whether the emphasis is put on equality of needs or equality of rewards. Recent researches express a larger consensus on the ideal representation of society.