Contenu du sommaire : Travail des femmes et famille.

Marie-Agnès Barrère-Maurisson From women s work to the sharing of labor. A consideration of family adjustments faced with changes in the world of work : the case of France since 1945. Gainful employment by women is a regulatory element between the productive and family structures. In this light, it corresponds to a determined historical phase. This phase is characterized by massive wage-paying from the point of view of productive structures and employement conditions, and by conjugal predominance from the family structure point of view. Thus is France during the 1945-1975 period. Due to the evolution of these structures, under the effect, on the one hand, of the changing wage-earner relations, on the other, of the emergence of families with two providers, a new adjustment based on the sharing of tasks seems to have developed since 1975. The adjustment of the joint between productive and family structures, or of many a form of family readjustment to evolutions in work, can thus be analysed (for France, since 1945) in terms of the transition from women's work to the sharing of labor.

Alice Barthez Women in agriculture and domestic work. The unity of production in agriculture in industrial societies is the family. The analysis of women's work agriculture is exemplary of the research worker's need to consider the family and the business as a single unit of observation. At this point, the division of labor and the means of production stand out coherently as a social hierarchy between sexes which makes the man the boss and the woman his assistant.

Monique Haicault Everyday Management of Life in Two. The analysis in this article makes use of varied data (interviews, photos, films) on the working woman's double day. It is centered on the daily management of wage-work and housework, which is specific to the place of women in the social relations of class and sex. The encroachment of one universe on an other complicates the management of space-time. This universe cannot be reduced to a sum of practices which would be isolable, stable and univocal. The day's mental load (redoubled) is heavy with constant tension so as to put right the temporalities and different non-autonomous spaces which interfere in a mulplicative fashion.

Helena Hirata et John Humphrey The economic crisis and the employment of women. A case study in Brazilian industry. The theories on the industrial reserve army and the segmentation of the labor market have been unsettled by the fact that women have continued to work in spite of the economic recession and unemployment. The main points of view on the differential effects of the crisis on employment according to sex are considered in light of the results of empirical research into the sexual division in Brazilian industry. This study shows that the diverse theoretical currents tend to underestimate the complexity of the consequences of the employment fluctuations on feminine labor.

Agnès Pitrou et alii The continuity of professional activity. The evolution of feminine professional activity characterized by an increase in the rate of activity among young women, and also by their continuing working during motherhood. This article looks at women who work for the Sécurité Sociale (National Health and Welfare) and nurses' aids in hospitals and it analyses factors which contribute to continuity. The role played by school and family counselling (influence of the mother, chance of having a stable employment), the importance the spouses give to the wife's wages and the security her work represents, the possibility of educational relays for children and the sharing of domestic tasks, make up the main factors which are considered. But is the economic crisis not going to change these data ?

Benoit Bastard and Laura Cardia-Von èche Women's professional activity : a source of income, but for whom ? A Consideration of the Acces to Divorce. This article looks into influence of women's having gainful employment on their access to divorce. It makes use of data from an analysis of judicial decisions pronounced in Geneva by the First Magistrate's Court. The analysis supports the hypothesis that work is a source of autonomy for women and it also suggest that such work, due to its increasing of family resources, also makes it easier for men to divorce.

Ceridwen Roberts The place of employment in women's lives : some findings from the Women and Employment survey. This paper presents some of the main findings of a recent, nationally representative, survey of women of working age (16-59) carried out in Britain in 1980. The previous survey of women have been carried out in 1965 (Hunt, 1968) and there had been considerable economic, social and political changes affecting women in the intervening period The 1980 survey was therefore conducted to establish the current position of women in employment in order to identify what the effects of the changes in the 70's had been and to show what having or not having a paid job meant for women in the 1980's.

François de Singly Accumulation and sharing of conjugal resources. The author analyses attitudes individuals have concerning the married woman's professional investment in reference to the other dimensions of their conceptions of proper domestic order. He also points out the variation of the projections of conjugal exchange according to sex and social class. Thus two divergent conjugal models arise. They are especially so at the junction of the way of considering the distribution of financial and cultural resources and the way of conceiving the accumulation of the same. Those who choose a shibboleth which is hostile to women's work and those who settle on one favorable to it have different ideas of the domestic world and of the way to defend the interests of conjugal partners.