Contenu du sommaire : New Challenges in the Healthcare Sector

This study aims to systematically review the effectiveness of telehealth platforms on patients' wellbeing and health services. Telemedicine has become an increasingly popular option for long distance/virtual medical care and education. We performed an analysis of 64 documents published during 2000-2020 with the aim of systematically analyzing the effect of telemedicine on patients' wellbeing. The procedure used is a bibliometric method to evaluate the productivity of scientific outputs quantitatively. The results demonstrate that telemedicine has evolved through different research steps that began with telemedicine as just a communication medium to complement traditional services, to a technology of automation and decision tools that expands the scope and range of health services. This study thus contributes to a greater and more detailed understanding of the current research trends in this new and stimulating field of research. The study also helps decision makers to develop a better understanding of the current landscape, demonstrating the utility of telemedicine in various patient populations and the impact of these technologies on patient satisfaction.

Telemedicine solutions are invading our daily lives, raising a major issue concerning the personalization of remote consultation and trust in the physician's Competence, Integrity and Benevolence (Trusting Beliefs). The aim of this study is to extend the existing Technology-Acceptance-Model (TAM) using the concept of Trusting Beliefs and Perceived Personalization. To test the model, a quantitative approach using existing scales has been selected. A survey was administered to students from several French business schools and the sample of 158 students was analysed using a Partial Least Approach. Findings highlight the key role of Trusting Beliefs in Perceived-Personalization. While two of the three dimensions (Benevolence and Integrity) of Trusting Beliefs theory have no influence on the Intention-to-Use, Competence has a direct, positive and significant impact on Intention-to-Use a Telemedicine Cabin. The relationship between the variables of the TAM is validated, except for Perceived-Ease-of-Use, which does not impact the Intention-to-Use a Telemedicine cabin.

Europe is expecting a global ageing process, which will increase risks in terms of disease and dependence. To cope with these issues, policy makers encourage the development of innovations in terms of products and services: the silver economy. This paper aims to discuss the structuring of this new market and the role played by technologies. The paper studies a French case as it allows evaluation of a public policy. We then confront this empirical analysis with the Régulation theory to explore the institutional arrangements that allow the unity of the silver economy. This new market is thus constructed on economic promises. Technological innovations are presented as a major solution to many problems. As a result, We find that technological innovations play only a minor role in the silver economy at the moment. However, they reinforce the attractiveness, the legitimacy, and the credibility of the promises and its marketing and organizational innovations.

Several articles have focused on the process of innovation acceptance and adoption. Fewer studies have focused on the elements that explain innovation resistance and barriers to technology adoption. This article applies a recent Innovation Resistance Model to measure the attitudes of Brazilian health professionals toward telediagnostics technology. Contrary to what we had expected following a recent backlash from an attempt to modernize telemedicine practices in Brazil by the Federal Council of Medicine, our sample was very receptive to this technology, even though some resistance remains, both in terms of certain functional barriers (complexity, co-dependence, and compatibility), and psychological barriers (social and personal risk, public image, and above all information asymmetries). As a theoretical result, we have validated a scale (based on the model) to measure innovation resistance using the Principal Component Analysis method.

The task for cognitive scientists has recently become the development of computable models that can replicate the process of human cognition, both at the individual and at the aggregate level. We present a computational model of the social cognitive processes related to the acquisition of new knowledge in the medical sector; that is, of the emerging associations between health-related concepts. Under the theoretical framework of connectionism and social cognition, we propose a method for modeling the conceptual system related to medical knowledge held by a society, on the basis of Internet search queries produced by it over time. Our model can be used to simulate the learning about medical issues by a society through language, and this has implications for the early detection of pandemics and the identification of appropriate responses by means of public information campaigns. We suggest how to use this model in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigates income among salaried employees who were self-employed between 2005 and 2015 and returned to salaried employment in 2016. We argue that salaried employees who experiment with self-employment are likely to suffer a short-term income penalty when they return to wage employment. The hypotheses are tested in a large sample of Norwegian full-time employed non-entrepreneurs who became self-employed between 2005 and 2015 and returned to paid employment in 2016. The findings indicate that the relationship between the number of years as self-employed and income is U-shaped. The findings also show that the income penalty associated with former self-employment can be reduced by returning to the initial employer and by taking advantage of industry experience obtained from business ownership when choosing employer.

Europe is expecting a global ageing process, which will increase risks in terms of disease and dependence. To cope with these issues, policy makers encourage the development of innovations in terms of products and services: the silver economy. This paper aims to discuss the structuring of this new market and the role played by technologies. The paper studies a French case as it allows evaluation of a public policy. We then confront this empirical analysis with the Régulation theory to explore the institutional arrangements that allow the unity of the silver economy. This new market is thus constructed on economic promises. Technological innovations are presented as a major solution to many problems. As a result, We find that technological innovations play only a minor role in the silver economy at the moment. However, they reinforce the attractiveness, the legitimacy, and the credibility of the promises and its marketing and organizational innovations.

This paper investigates whether the effects of obstacles to firms' propensity for and intensity of innovation were complementary in Peru, a middle-income developing country, during the period 2009-2011. The tests of complementarity are based on the estimation of two adjusted Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM) models that relate a firm's decision to invest in science, technology and innovation activities (STI), the innovation process, and labor productivity. The estimations and tests yield four main results. First, there is evidence that the effects of obstacles to innovation are related and some are complementary. Second, firms' size (particularly the largest ones) affects their decision to invest in STI. Third, under the assumption that obstacles are related, the intensity of investment in STI determines firms' innovation outcomes. Lastly, robustness results suggest that human and physical capital and size are the most important factors that affect firms' productivity.