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The economic crisis of 2008 was one of the most severe that Europe has experienced so far. The impact of the crisis has been extremely variable from one region to another at the European level, raising the issues of solidarity and territorial cohesion. Thus, while a new crisis is coming due to the coronavirus pandemic, not all territories have yet recovered their 2007 employment levels. In this context, the article examines the economic resilience of French territories, at the level of the intermunicipalities. Based on ten years of detailed observation of variations in private employment, we compare not only employment dynamics, but also the intensity of losses and the capacity to rebound, while we also introduce the temporality of these effects through the notion of the resilience cycle. The results show the diversity of economic trajectories and territorial disparities in terms of resilience. Disparities, in terms of resilience, are more marked between regions than between metropolises and the rest of the territory in the short term. Over the long term, the "metropolis-hinterland" divide within the regions hardest hit by the crisis is increasing. In most of these areas, employment certainly began to rise again after 2009, but more slowly than elsewhere, not enough to make up for the losses. Here, the COVID-19 crisis may not be stronger than elsewhere, but it will hit areas (and households) that were already highly precarious at the start of the pandemic.

"Patient pathways", "care pathways", "health pathways" and "life pathways" are now concepts widely used in political and professional discourses and discussions on improving patient care (Porter, 2010). In the managerial sciences, the mobilisation of these notions suffers from an important conceptual weakness. There is very little empirical or scientific research to define precisely how to build an integrated and comprehensive management of a care pathway inside and outside the walls of health institutions (hospitals). The mapping approach can be very relevant for designing a management of territorialised care pathways by jointly representing medical and nursing resources and patient populations. The methodology used is based on the analysis of a series of maps presenting an inventory of the care offer and the socio-demographic characteristics of the territories of a specific region (the former Auvergne region). The advantage of this method is that it spatializes the socio-demographic phenomena and relates them to the characteristics of the care provision in each territory. The application of this cartographic analysis to the Auvergne territory makes it possible to define three types of health territories with homogeneous characteristics and levers of action. By superimposing the health resources of a territory and the geographical locations of potential patients, the mapping analysis makes it possible to identify the characteristics that interactions between patients and health professionals can take on in a specific territory (type, time, location of interactions). On a managerial level, this analysis allows the identification of measures and actions for managing care pathways such as the methods for locating and deploying nursing homes, or those of m-health or e-health tools, or the methods for developing training and jobs for pathway managers.

In France, the wealth of residential property held by retirees is estimated at around 1 trillion euros and is spatially more homogeneous than the total residential wealth. On the contrary, the viager market is both very small (0.2 % of retirees' total residential capital) and spatially very concentrated – Paris represents one-third of it. Based on this paradox, the article hypothesizes an undervalued potential of the profitability of viager outside metropolitan areas, particularly in rural areas. Analyzing a database provided by the agency Renée Costes Viager, the leader in viager in France, the article shows that the profitability of most of the departments is positive and exceeds 10 % for a great number of them. While some rural areas sit on heaps of heritage gold, they benefit from this in no way because of the underdevelopment of viager. However, enhancing the dormant real estate wealth of rural areas would support local development via a real estate policy that would not be just urban, but also regional and rural. This development policy via the encouragement of viager would not be based on costly financial transfers, as is the case for most real estate aid policies, but would be based on the mobilization of an already existing wealth. The article concludes with a call for fiscal support for viager – especially in declining rural areas where the system is profitable – in order to free up these areas' full potential at the prospect of regional and rural development of ageing territories in need of resources. Economically profitable, socially and politically virtuous, viager would then be an interesting solution for the development of rural areas weakened by ageing populations and a disengagement of the public power as well as private actors.

Cultural action and planning have been linked in recent years in a competitive and attractive way, through work on the creative city and the place of cultue and art in economic requalification. In this article, we want to consider cultural actions as contributing to a sensitive development of territories, focusing more on art, emotions and knowledge, based on actions localized and contextualized, and finally focus less on dedicated equipment and more on multiform experiences and initiatives. The qualitative method aimed at an analysis of eighty interviews conducted on the dynamics between territorial development and cultural actions in three French territorial contexts: weakly urbanized territories (project territories), medium-sized city (Albi), regional metropolis (Toulouse). Two main vectors are identified from a variety of case studies in favor of such a sensitive development. On the one hand, cultural territorialization which overlaps cultural and territorial issues, giving a fundamental place to local singularities. In this process of territorialization, local development operations clearly integrate culture as a lever for action. On the other hand, the decompartmentalization and opening up of the local actor system which reveals new skills at work in the projects, greater transversality of actions, and new profiles of stakeholders: social organizations, residents' associations, or cooperative of cultural actors. These evolutions are discreet and fragile because they are based more on a few individual wishes and implications than on institutional and collective logics. Finally, it seems that two perspectives are needed to promote this sensitive development: in the political agenda as in research methods, still often very compartmentalized in the disciplines.

This paper proposes an exploratory framework for assessing the economic impacts of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) based on the example of the GEOSUD SDI and clear-cutting maps related to forest management. The valuation is based on an online survey covering the Ministry of Agriculture services in charge of controlling clear-cutting operations carried out by forest operators. The approach developed crosses two complementary points of view. On the one hand, it is based on an economic logic to estimate certain effects at the scale of the value chain related to the production and the use of satellite imagery and derived thematic products and services. The main effects measured concerned the cost and productivity savings, the added value created at the scale of the value chain linked to these clear-cut maps. In total, it appears that for one euro invested in the operation of the SDI (excluding initial investment), the added value created directly and indirectly amounts to a maximum of €63 and the transaction costs avoided to €24. On the other hand, it is also part of a management logic to understand the effects of IDGS linked to innovation processes at the level of a community of practice. SDI enable coordination and pooling gains to be made in order to co-construct knowledge leading to new products and/or processes. The study showed that nearly two-thirds of the structures surveyed observed qualitative effects in terms of networking and a strengthening of skills linked to the training and support services offered by the GEOSUD platform. Qualitative effects on the properties of forest policies and more generally on territorial development dynamics are also considered.

The years late 2000s have been witnessed of the development of co-working approaches in large cities (San Francisco, Paris, Barcelona, etc.). Such co-working spaces promote an alternative working approach based on creative and collaborative way. This phenomenon quickly spreads to many countries. In many depressed industrial regions (where the development heavily relied on salaried employment and large-scale industry), local officials suppose it as a mean to direct territorial economy towards a new direction. But many difficulties still exist in applying it in practice. These regions are characterized by a very low rate of business creation relative to national rate. The generated co-workers residing in such territories have often few resources (financial and social resources), they tend to strongly develop innovating activities because their main objective is to create self-employment and to be independent. This article presents the results of a survey carried out in a working space, located in Dunkirk (north of France) where growth was still based on heavy industry and wage-earning workers until the 1980s. The survey conducted by interviewing coworkers who are not innovative, even if most of them hold at least a higher education diploma, in an agglomeration where the rate of holding higher education diploma is especially low relative to national level. Before integrating the co-working space, their professional survey was very infrequent. Still, according to them, they form a close community where members help each other. Therefore, in the perspective that the footprint of territory is very strong and entrepreneurship is not so appealing to the most important part of inhabitants, the creation of this co-working space is a great opportunity for Dunkirk to reinvent a new way of development.