Contenu du sommaire : ONG : les pièges de la professionnalisation

ONG : les pièges de la professionnalisation

• ONG : les pièges de la professionnalisation - Anne Le Naëlou p. 727
• La solidarité internationale, une profession ? - Jean Freyss p. 735
• Pour comprendre la professionnalisation dans les ONG : quelques apports d'une sociologie des professions - Anne Le Naëlou p. 773
  Understanding the professionalizing in NGO's : Some contribution from the sociology of professions. The general tendency to professionalize and market international solidarity during the 1990's and the increasing importance of the liberal model weakened the initial mobilizing bond in the ngo's and, instead, reactivated the sectoral and corporatist logics of the professions which govern their actions. Such a development is evident in the tendency to present technicality (expertise) and professional competence as a capital attribute of ngo's, at the expense of the social transformation goals which animate them. The prevailing functionalist approach limits the abilities of the NGO's to ensure the redeployment of competences and structuring that they require in dealing with specific projects of international solidarity.
• L'évaluation dans les ONG belges : entre volonté et contrainte - Patrick Develtere, Bénédicte Fonteneau et Ignace Pollet p. 799
• Etre un professionnel de l'humanitaire ou comment composer avec le cadre imposé - Pascal Dauvin p. 825
  Being a professional of the humanitarian or how to compose with an imposed framework. This contribution aims at showing how the professionalizing of NGO's is a logic imposed by funding agencies and by the countries beneficiaries of aid. This manner of professionalizing is however not straight forward for expatriates who do not perceive the NGO's as organisations that function according to strict « managerial » terms. Considering actions observed in the field, the actions of NGO's thus appear as determined by trial and error or arrangements depending on the identity of the actors and the contexts of their intervention.
• Des paysans plus professionnels que les développeurs ? L'exemple du Coton au Tchad (1930-2002) - Claude Arditi p. 841
  Peasants more professional than developers ? An example of Coton in Chad (1930-2002). The history of cotton brings to light many misunderstandings between developers and the developed. Yesterday's developers and today's ngo's, which advice peasants on becoming professionals, have in common a total lack of interest in knowing local societies. The NGO's, just as aid and cooperation organisations, prefer agronomy, human and veterinary medicine, etc., at the expense of the social sciences. The understanding of peasant strategies should constitute the first basis of the process of professionalizing of developers.

• Piques et polémiques

  • Autour de l'ouvrage de Stephen Smith, "Négrologie. Pourquoi l'Afrique meurt" avant-propos - Georges Courade et Philippe Hugon p. 867
  • A-t-on le droit de jouer sur les maux africains ? - Philippe Hugon p. 871
    Have we the right to play on words about Africa 's Plight ? The book by Stephen Smith, one of the best journalists covering Africa, induces a debate between the historian of the moment, which happens to be the journalist focused on some terrains, and the more detached researcher of an ambiguous, complex and differentiated Africa, especially on the economic level.
  • Une vision nouvelle de l'Afrique aujourd'hui ? - Georges Courade p. 881
    A new vision of today 's Africa ? Analyses of the death of the continent are not new. While the one of Stephen Smith springs from popular clichés, it is nonetheless nuanced and clarifies a number of points. However, identifying with and addressing oneself to afro-centrists and to their friend's, amounts to an attitude that may be familiar in France but incomprehensible in the south of the Sahara.
  • L'Afrique est-elle soluble dans la violence ? - Pierre Janin p. 889
    Does Africa amount to no more than its violence ? Africa is frequently stigmatised for its ills and excesses. For the keen observer that S. Smith is, the continent confirms this peculiar difference by unleashing multiple forms of violence. Thus yielding to the prevailing afro-pessimism, the journalist proposes a univocal view of Africa, hence forgetting to indicate the existence of ways out.
  • A quoi servent les livres ? Echos africanisants - Jean Copans p. 897
    Of what use are books ? Africanising Echoes. S. Smith is a cultured journalist. However a volume 2 to his Négrologies is obviously wanting. Unfortunately those who uphold the opposite view of a timeless and transcontinental African culture are just as schematic. Researchers no doubt share some responsibility for the absence of books aimed at the wider public and presenting a more balanced view of African societies.

• Varia

  • Gestion spatio-temporelle de la soudure alimentaire dans le Sahel Burkinabé - Pierre Janin p. 909
    Spatiotemporal management of food supply in Burkinabé Sahel. Sahel zones are marked by food risks (unavailability, insufficiency, fluctuation, inaccessibility). One of the difficulties for researchers and decision makers consists of assessing this risk in time and in space and in measuring the real vulnerability of the communities. Given the weak capacity of governments and international organisations to intervene and to forecast shortages, households have to individually manage the strategic periods of supply. However, to fight against seasonal food insecurity, they have a limited number of responses which must be associated with the adequate temporal management of their granaries.

• Bibliographie

  
  • Ouvrages sur le développement diffusés en France en mai-septembre 2004 - p. 935

• Hommage

  
  • Jean Freyss (1942-2004) - p. 951