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The medico-social sector is faced with specific human resources management (HRM) issues related to attractiveness, retention and management of recurrent needs. This study aims to understand the motivational levers that lead organizations to cooperate in a territory within a sharing device on human resources management, the employers' pool (EP), in front of the response commonly used in the sector. The literature review makes it possible to appreciate a gradual distinction between instrumental motivations and co-responsible commitment with and for the territory. Conducted in an EP operating in the medico-social sector and based on a qualitative study, this work shows the main mechanisms of inter-organizational cooperation in HRM. It appears that cooperation remains at an intermediate level, in which a dichotomy persists between the expectations of members oriented towards responding to external constraints (legal or access to resources) and the responsible HRM project carried by the EG. Stakeholders are only partially successful in seizing their responsibility as co-employers. However, in addition to meeting the individual challenges of organizations, HRM built through pooling is a tool for responsible HR management. New HRM practices are emerging, implementing a mutualized and territorialized HRM, in which organizations collectively take on their HR challenges. In particular, the de-precariousness of employment, career management, skills development and the alignment of HR practices with the values of the medico-social sector are being rethought at the territorial level, where the potential of CSR has an unprecedented opportunity to be deployed. The EP manages to propose an innovative and responsible HRM on the territory, even though the project is unequally supported by the EP and the member organizations, which do not take the full measure.

The concept of care pathway contributes to a better organization of health services in a local area, in particular for chronic diseases such as nowadays breast cancer. A thorough cost analysis of these pathways (direct vs. indirect, supported by the patient vs. the institution…) is essential for public health policies to weigh in the trade-offs between health efficiency and financial viability. This work proposes a method based on impact pathway approach and recommended pollution cost values to integrate the environmental costs of air pollution due to transportation to the total costs of the pathway. This pollution depends on the means of transportation (public transportation vs. private car or cab, fuel type…), the distance, the urban density and the frequency of travels. The recommended pollution cost values are taken from French public investments guidelines and reflect the impact of local air pollution as well as global greenhouse gases emissions. We apply this original analysis to healthcare pathways of breast cancer patients in the Western Île-de-France area (France) thanks to an original database derived from an auto-reporting protocol involving more than 600 patients. We shed some light on the order of magnitude of these environmental costs linked to transportation as well as on the key parameters that must be taken into consideration for this evaluation. In order to contribute to the debate on the spatial allocation of medical resources, we carry out a simulated redirection of the flux of patients towards the most specialized health center. Further study on environmental impacts of care pathways, beyond the ones induced by transportation, are needed to assess their weight of environmental costs in the global cost.

The role tensions at work of farmers are a very current subject that is still not very much dealt with in a context where the suffering of farmers is more than ever being questioned. The challenges of the ecological transition, the transformation of consumption patterns, the role of industrialization of production processes and the evolution of the structure of agricultural sectors (with the weight of distributors) lead to questioning the roles of farmers in the agricultural ecosystem and in particular those of small farmers. To ensure the survival of their activity, farmers are forced to take on new roles, particularly commercial ones in terms of distribution of their production and sales. This generates constraints that are a major source of tension for them. They do not always have the necessary resources (knowledge, skills, time, etc.) to cope with these changes. We combine the grid of role tensions (Katz and Kahn, 1967) with that of Hobfol's resources (1998, 2001) in order to characterize the tensions that farmers experience in carrying out their activity in order to cope with the need to adapt. The case study of a mid-mountain territory based on the analysis of the discourse of 22 livestock and dairy farmers highlights important role tensions generating important and permanent discomfort and stress linked to the need to act to ensure the sustainability of the farms. Our results allow us to better understand the mobilised resources by these situations of tension and to provide elements for imagining mechanisms for supporting and reducing these tensions. Collective strategies are an option to explore.

Sport can be a very profitable investment from both an economic and social point of view, and this profitability is all the higher in disadvantaged territories where sport is one of the few options for generating economic development and social inclusion at lower cost. We have already encountered this case in rural areas lagging behind with the establishment of nature sports centres, or in dangerous metropolitan areas with the creation of adapted sports clubs. This is also the case in French Guyana. This region is going to have to face several major challenges in the coming years: a galloping demography; considerable territorial disparities; a multicultural society in search of identity; a profoundly weak economic development.This article shows that sport can contribute to meeting such challenges provided that certain constraints are removed. In particular, sports policy in French Guyana should be designed in synergy with other public policies (education, health, transport, social policy, urban policy, etc.). It is necessary to integrate the sports project into an overall territorial project.The first part examines the potential of sport to be a lever for territorial development. From a theoretical point of view, we return to the base theory to justify such a potential. The second part describes the different aspects of the underdevelopment of French Guyana. Our diagnosis reveal strong territorial inequalities, both economic, social and sporting. In a third part, we report on the analyses and conclusions drawn from our field mission.

The « Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territories » social experimentation offers to build, with long-term unemployed people, on a local scale and on a voluntary basis, activities according to what they can or wish to do and responding to local needs. A « job-purpose company » would hire them without any selection and with a permanent contract, funded by public authorities in proportion to the avoided public expenses due to their return to employment. This article aims to shed light on the territorial dimension of the « Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territories » social experimentation. Behind its association with the unifying qualification of « territory-based project » by its principal holders, this article shows that the « Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territories » social experimentation is characterized by a tension between a job-exclusion removal territorialized project and a territorial development project. This article proposes an analytical framework aiming to identify this territorial dimension not as the essence of the « Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territories » social experimentation, but as a possibility related to the way the local actors involved in its implementation seek to resolve this tension. This framework refers to the valuation mechanisms of the human resources owned or developed by the unemployed people involved in the project. By relying on the notion of « territorial resource » carried by economic geography, this article offers a typology of these unemployed human resources valuation mechanisms, distinguishing a properly territorial one.