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Marx's theory of waces : An heterodox criticism Michel De Vroey The aim of this article if, to question Marx's project of integrating the wage-relationship into general equilibrium. In a first part, I examine the theoretical status of the notion of labour power and argue that it should be considered as a particular natural ressource rather than a particular commodity, as it is usually assumed in the Marxian tradition. The second part of the article is devoted to the study of the impact of this definitional change. The question to be answered is the following : under which conditions is one allowed to conceive of an equilibrium wage ? It is argued that these conditions are definetely not satisfied in the fordist stage of development of the wage relationship.

A naïve theory of the capitalist sets Bernard Guibert This article uses a structural rnethod to lay original and formel foundations for the marxian theory of labour-value. The mathematician A. Weyl used this tnetliod to formalize the elementary structures of kinship studied by C. Levi-Strauss. What is at state there is both theoretically and politically significant. Neo-Ricardian critics daim to have refuted Marx's theory of value, tohich they abusively identify with Ricardo's. The construction suggested here turns it back on Ricardo. The labour-value does not precede the forms they will embody. On the contrary it is the terminal point of the analysis of the phenomenal forms (Erscheinungsformen) of the commodity.

A study about the links between money-income - effective demand : the thheories of T. Took and J. M. Keynes Gérard Mondello This article aims at comparing the Systems of J. M. Keynes and of the Banking Principle ; three themes closely linked are taken up : the theories of money, incarne and Effective Demand. So, in opposite with traditional approaches, external money and internal money are not imconnected but correlated. Bank money, credit money. is nsed by firms to remunerate the whole factors and to buy production means ; this money is submitted to reflux law. The latter is constituted by firm receipts which, ultimately, correspond tot the expenses of the whole monetary income, while external money makes up shortages. Tooke's analysis shows that the link between Effective Demand (Income formation) and financial system makes to a great extent the explanation of the process of current production formation more complete.

Currency and capital : the distinction established by Thomas Tooke between noney and credit Jérôme De Boyer This article wants to show the coherence of the thesis defended by the « Banking School » leader. The Stress is put on Tooke's definitions of money and credit. The exposition insits on how essential the difference between the two notions is to understand his opposition to the Bank Charter Act of 1844 as well as his full agreement to the gold standard. The author is thus lead to study the seperation established by T. Tooke between currency and capital and also to comment, on this base, the influence of interest rates on priees.

Sraffa's status of rent : contribution to a recent debate Lahouari Addi The last controverse, concerning rent, raised up by chapter 11 th of P. Sraffa s book, have lead to the conclusion that the order of land fertility is not the one of their respective profitabilities and this order depends on the price System, and consequently on distribution. We have to admit that the empiric reality is at variance with this result, but the important is not so much the confrontation of the empiric reality with the stated result that to understand how the authors defined it, particularly G. Montani and after him P. Vidonne. Two reasons explain this result : on the one hand as for the authors, hey have based their opinion orp a conception of rent which is not the one of the classical point of view and especially of Ricardo's. For him, the rent is a puncture and not a production cost. On the other hand the mathematic formalization of chapter 11 th by Sraffa — but only the mathematic formalization — takes up this conception. From that, these authors have bronght other conclusion : Sraffa s conceptualization is at variance with the classical point of view on rent. The correction of the mathematic formalization of chapter 11 th in the double developments of Ricardo's point of view on rent and the general methodology of Sraffa's system, takes of the misunderstanding that turned the debate towards theoric perspectives in open contradiction with the observation of the empiric reality.