Contenu du sommaire

Taiwan after the miracle, Marie-Claire Bergère. The modernization of the Taiwanese economy was achieved in two stages. In the 1950s, growth was based on the development of the domestic market, allowing the economy to take off, even if growth was limited and dependent on American aid. After 1960, a new strategy, more internationally oriented, caused the real « miracle ». The country's enrichment profoundly transformed social structures. The issue of regime change in parallel to economic upheavals. Democratization is taking place slowly and cautiously, keeping to the present regime its particular mark of participative authoritarianism.

Nationalism and internationalization in Japan, Eric Seizelet. Japanese traditionalism is based on the restoration of monarchic prestige, the rehabilitation of the national ethics and patriotism. Its present resurgence transcends the traditional political division between liberais and conservatives. It has become the foundation of a new nationalism which is freeing itself from the inhibitions of the past but functions as a passive subversion of institutions. It is part of the vision of internationalization, an ambiguous and polysemic notion, will to conceived as a power.

Richard Hofstadter (1916-1970). Historiography and politics in the US, Laurent Césari Richard Hofstadter had considerable influence on American historiography and intellectual life. A communist in his youth, he then turned left of the center, and towards the end one of the precursors of neo-conservatism. He wrote several major works, e.g. The American Political Tradition, published in 1948, in which he describes American society as a « democracy in cupidity ». Influenced as much by Marx as by Weber, Freud and Mannheim, Hofstadter always denied the primacy of ideology. He is representative of the generation of American intellectuals of the 1950s.

Contestation and democracy in twentieth century American, Marie-Christine Granjon. The distance between the American dream and the reality of inequalities or scorn has not stopped feeding contestation in the United States since the 19th century. The article recounts its stages : populist, progressive, socialistic, radical, over a century. A typology shows that this protest is « coopted », that it serves to regulate American democracy, and simultaneously provides a lively counter culture.

Intellectuals, fascism and anti-modernity in the 1930s in France, Marc Simard. In the debate on the « fascism » of French intellectuals in the 1930s, the author suggests a shift in perspectives. Although the per-sonalist journals such as Esprit or L'Ordre Nouveau did not actually share the fascist fascination of intellectuals such as Brasillach and Drieu La Rochelle, they did have a common features : the rejection of modernity, the reaction against the rising era of the masses. Intellectual fascism might thus be only one aspect of a much wider current, that of anti-modernism. Partial proximities, which are not necessarily similarities, become more understandable, without the risks of reduction.

Two « colonial » students in Paris in the early 1930s, Jean-François Sirinelli At the end of the 1920s, the Latin Quarter welcomed many students born in the colonies. Two of them, the Senegalese Leopold Sedar Senghor and the Annamite Pham Duy Khiêm, became friends. Their destiny was different, but the study of their formative years provides few keys to their two contrasting itineraries.

Jews in French films in the late 1930s, Rémy Pithon. An analysis of French movies producted in the late 1930s reveals a curious paradox : a change from rather widespread anti-semitism to a kind of « repression » of the image of the Jew. Examining anti-semitic stereotypes, the author shows that their relative decline corresponds to the just image of a « vague Jewishness », just as horrible, for it opens the door to indifference.