Contenu du sommaire

François-André Isambert: The Idea of a Positive Policy. Ever since the exigency of a positive social science was formulated by Saint- Simon, Auguste Comte and the Saint- Simonians, in the beginning of the XlXth century, it was linked to that of a positive policy. The latter was not a mere application of the first, but a certain conception of the action comprising a rela- tivisation of projects and a prevision. Conversely, « social physiology » as seen by the Saint-Simonians and especially Buchez was not so much pure knowledge as an estimation of the facilities and impediments encountered in a society organising action. The difficulty encountered in order to constitute an objective praxeology, leads in effect to give sociology a purely cognitive role.

Mattei Dogan : Political Personnel and Charismatic Personality. During the legislative elections and the 1962 Referendum we were able to witness a charimastic phenomenon in the sense given to this term by Max Weber General de Gaulle was indeed omnipresent, and most of his adversaries, well known men of the IVth Republic, were eliminated from the Parliament. The depersonalisation of the candidates, the solicitation of votes in the name of a saviour and not for a political party, the contrast between the trust manifested towards general de Gaulle's person and the indifference concerning his cabinet ministers, the image of a glamorous resistance leader, the faithfulness to the cause of a man considered as providential, threat of civil war if this man should abandon the helm, are aspects of charismatic personality, revealed by a content analysis of two thousand electoral speeches written by Parliament candidates. The author also quotes results of public-opinion surveys. Imposed by exceptional circumstances, the charismatic leader in the accomplishment of his mission, in re-establishing order, becomes less and less indispensable, providential. The sucessor of a charismatic leader can only be, at best, a new political class.

Madeleine Guilbert, Nicole Lowit and Joseph Creusen : Methodological Problems for a Time-Budget Survey : Plurality of Occupations. A comparative time-budget survey was carried out concerning men and women with a professional activity. At the same time, using an appropriate method of notation the authors studied the problem of the plurality of occupations (occupations occuring at the same time, or overlapping during the same time period.) This article is devoted to observations concerning the use of this method. Considering the great number of plural occupations set down by the inquirees it seems necessary to take them into account. The authors note that the faculty of revealing a plurality of occupations makes it possible to leave out of the answers important subjective factors. However they are not completely eliminated: a certain amount of subjectivity remains, because socio-cultural elements differ according to individuals and modify the « perception » of some time-budget items.