Contenu du sommaire : Economie de l'entreprise

It is useful to define the management of business concern by comparing with related disciplines and placing it between economic theory and in practice in this light there are several types of studies that briefly analysed The importauce of such works is sho wn by comparing with some precise analysis of production prices cost curve and break even charts points of wiew of theorists and practicians auil by analysing them they can approach and complete eacli other This analysis favours classification of the articles in this review as their presentation and the form of the bibliography

SUMMARY Because we may discern profound differences of concern of vocabulary and of thinking habits between theorists on one hand and praticians on the other hand controversy concerning marginal cost sounds sometimes like dialogue between deaf men The interest of works situated half way between theory and practice such as those which compose the Betriebs wirtschaftslehre is derived from those differences Its evidence is first shown in the form of summary of marginal adap tations described in the works of Schmalenbach and Gutenberg They confirm the predominance of linear functions in those which concerns total costs the practice of full cost and also the determination of selling prices The systématisation of the authors studied conserves nevertheless the tra ditional framework i.e the hypothesis of passive adjustment of firm to some fundamental ideas objectively defined This interpretation appears to be incomplete on that it does not give enough importance to the essentialy active role in production Thus precisely it cannot account for particular forms that the business Itself gives to its functions of production and of selling not only by formal simplification but by deliberate manipulation conducing to the growth of efficiency Fin ly positive theory of private enterprise appears to be conceivable where it integrates the dynamic analysis and the sociological interpretation of that institution

plus rapidement par les entreprises plus grandes et dans leurs périodes utilisation elles tendent ainsi augmenter la part de ces prises dans la production totale mais fortiori la répartition en de qui nous occupe persiste et se fortine Ayant ainsi réintroduit en matière de parenthèse le problème de forme de la répartition de la production nous en venons considérer explication dans la section suivante IV LE TYPE DE REPARTITION DE LA PRODUCTION En dehors des importants changements fondamentaux qui ont été diés dans les deux derniers paragraphes de la section précédente montré une clientèle scable née des relations de marché une ancienne les prix étant des niveaux équilibre) peut expliquer caractéristique de la structure de production que nous allons

SUMMARY Tlie modern theory on the firm tends analyze the functional role of inventories Before economists studied inventories on their global and cyclical aspects J.M Clark Keynes Metzler) From now on the modern methods of inventory management are one of the elements of the general policy of the firm Problems inventory classification their cost orders coat technics of management turnover The inventory management lias its own caracteristics it supposes to consider the situation of the firm on the market

SUMMARY New product pricing is difficult and can be made according to two policies shimming pricing and penetration pricing Five factors are impor tant to look at in setting price potential and probable demand costs of production and selling costs market targets promotional strategy suitable channels of distribution Bur the final decision cannot be arrived at by any given formula good estimates make pricing more successful but combining factors requires judgment

SUMMARY The economic analysis of the location of enterprises is studied in an abundant specialized but rather abstract literature Concrete observations are very rare As consequence it has been necessary to utilize solely the hypoihetico-deductive method As first step one can ek ct in the field of spatial research the ele ments of an analysis restricted to the location of the firm These elements are selected from the point of view of the history of spatial economic thought for the analysis of the location of the firm has been developped not only per se but also as by-product of more general research Starting from that analysis one can try to organize the essential part of known results within the frame of coherent deductive system This allows to stres from critical poinr of the substance and limits of our knowledge in this field The proposed frame of analysis is open that is to say it is conceived for the sake of generality to take into account the integration of unknown theoretical schemes In this direction it i.- possible to discover the essential difficulties standing in the way of modern analysis

SUMMARY One of tue essential conditions of economic expansion is defined by the value of intellectual investment that menns practically by the num ber and quality of leaders and technicians who hold responsible positions in the management of public and private enterprise In that respect uni- versitary policies acquire .v objective teaching programs must be denned wirh view to the requirements of economic evolution and technical and social progress Which is the present situation in France from that point of vie Though statistical data on that crucial problem are very scarce it can be concluded with fair accuracy that our position is most serious As matter of fact only third or half of the necessary quantity of leading technicians leave our ingineering schools or our universities As for medium technicians their number if ridiculously smal from the point of vieiv of present and above all of future necessities If vigorou! aud necessary improvements are not obtained our future economic expansion will be compromised and it Iwill become difficult defend the position of France in the hierarchy of great Powers