| Titre | Les docteurs régents de la Faculté de médecine de Paris et la fourniture de soins aux « bons pauvres malades » dans les paroisses parisiennes (1644-1791) | |
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| Auteur | Isabelle Coquillard | |
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Revue | Revue historique |
| Numéro | no 668, octobre 2013 | |
| Rubrique / Thématique | Articles |
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| Page | 875-904 | |
| Résumé |
Élite médicale, les docteurs régents de la Faculté de médecine de Paris possèdent le privilège exclusif d'exercer leur art dans la capitale. À ce titre, la Faculté de médecine parvient à faire interdire la tenue des consultations charitables mises en place par Théophraste Renaudot, docteur de Montpellier, mais le Parlement lui donne l'ordre d'y suppléer en 1644.Si la Faculté de médecine peine à imposer la tenue de ces consultations gratuites aux docteurs régents, ceux-ci s'adonnent aux activités charitables dans le cadre des Compagnies de Charité de paroisse tenues par les Filles de la Charité de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul. Devenu médecin de paroisse, aux appointements fixes et réguliers, le docteur régent explore son territoire d'exercice, accumule un savoir spécifique sur un groupe, « consommateur de la charité », exprimant une demande de soin spécifique et pouvant, à tout moment, retrouver une position économique stable. Acteur de la nouvelle politique d'assistance du pouvoir royal, les docteurs régents cherchent à dominer ce « marché de la charité », dont l'implantation paroissiale tend progressivement à s'élargir au Royaume. Source : Éditeur (via Cairn.info) |
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| Résumé anglais |
The article aims to examine the charitable practices of the French medical elite, the docteurs régents of the Faculty of Medicine, as an attempt to preserve the professional interests of the group and confiscate a parish-based source of income between 1644 and 1791. Confronted to Théophraste Renaudot's project of charitable medical consultations in 1630, to whom they opposed their exclusive right to practice medicine before the Parliament of Paris, the docteurs régents set up their own consultations for the sick poor in 1644. The charitable consultations, a request of the Parliament against the enactment of the Faculty's privilege, were organized twice a week, as a collective duty under the care of the Dean and a minimum of six docteurs régents who also served as practical instruction for the young physicians. This free service, however, was hard to impose on docteurs régents, as, in addition to being time-consuming and unpaid, they restricted their private practice, until the establishment of a cash compensation in 1779.In addition to the Faculty charitable consultations, docteurs régents became involved in medical provision to the parish-based charities. Regulations helped establish their duties: visiting the poor, screening the sick and prescribe to the patient a tailored diet and remedies using low-cost common drugs, prepared and served by the Daughters of the Charité. Doctors regents could accordingly apply their theoretical knowledge, become known to the local notability and identify the needs of a new pool of customers. The small yearly fee, between 50 and 200 livres a year, was fixed, regular, making up for delayed and more uncertain payments from their private practice. After 1770, the sick poor parish relief developed into small structures of medical provision like the hospice Saint Merry. The development of the charitable activity had consequences on the configuring of medical care in eighteen-century Paris. New professional relationships were organized between the docteurs régents and the female sisters, to whom they confided more technical curing skills, involving remedies' preparations, bleeding and patient surveillance. It also generated a new category of customers, the sick parish poor, even more so as the hospital was gradually considered a “repulsive” curing place: docteurs régents used this new medical opportunity not only to identify the specific needs of these customers, such as short-term cures rather than long-term advices on regimen and diet to help them resume their economic activity, but also, as did Pierre Lalouette and Joseph Jacques Gardanne, as means to educate the potential paying sick customer in avoiding the services of unqualified healers. Source : Éditeur (via Cairn.info) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHIS_134_0875 |
