| Titre | GEMINI-E3, un modèle d'équilibre général national - international économique, énergétique et environnemental | |
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| Auteur | Marc Vielle, Alain L. Bernard | |
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Revue | Economie et prévision |
| Numéro | no 136, 1998/5 | |
| Page | 1-2 | |
| Résumé anglais |
GEMINI-E3, A General National - International Economie, Energy and Environmental Equilibrium Model
by Alain L. Bernard and Marc Vielle
The three papers set out to present, in as educational a manner as possible, the findings of an experiment lasting over four years. The first theoretical and methodological paper gives as straightforward a presentation as possible of the main mechanisms at play in this type of model. These mechanisms derive particularly from substitution effects between goods and factors (targeted by the economic policies concerned) and international trade effects, which are more akin to income effects (transfers). A basic element of the economic analysis is the measurement of the cost of the policies, i.e. the loss of welfare to economic players who are both the source of economic activity and its main if not only beneficiary, i.e. the end user. The examples studied and the theoretical developments based on simple models clarify the basic concepts and identify the main factors accounting for the nature and extent of these economic costs.
The second paper presents the model structure in detail and justifies the modeling choices made. It shows the formal complexity of this type of model - required for completeness and consistency - and its great conceptual simplicity. The model is used to describe markets, i.e. supply, demand and price balancing mechanisms, while ensuring that the income channel underlying the running of these markets is suitably reconciled in keeping with Walras's fundamental law of economics.
The first 1995 version of the model was used in a number of cases and discussed in papers to conferences and seminars organised to evaluate national energy policies (the French nuclear power programme) and regional and international energy policies (the reduction in greenhouse effect emissions). The application presented in the third paper is of an international nature. It endeavours in particular to compare the economic costs of the different tax devices used to attain a given emissions reduction goal. It demonstrates and quantifies the potential extra costs provoked by a poor choice of tax instruments first at national and then at European level. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ecop_0249-4744_1998_num_136_5_5933 |
