| Titre | Aspects de l'aménagement du territoire et conflits entre les entités territoriales de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombie | |
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| Auteur | Juanita Lopez, Daniel Riveros | |
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Revue | Revue de Géographie Alpine |
| Numéro | vol. 88, no 2, 2000 | |
| Page | 95-114 | |
| Résumé |
Au nord de la Colombie, le massif littoral de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, le plus élevé du monde, présente, du fait de son altitude, une grande variété d'écosystèmes. Il est partagé entre trois entités administratives et treize communes. Il comprend aussi deux réserves indiennes et deux parcs nationaux naturels qui couvrent 90 % du massif. La restructuration territoriale voulue par la Constitution colombienne de 1991 et la loi 388 concernant l'aménagement du territoire, ont entraîné une promulgation de plans de développement durable, puis de plans d'aménagement territoriaux pour les municipalités de la Sierra Nevada. Cela a amené à une réflexion sur les conflits qui résultent de l'existence simultanée de plusieurs autorités, et de la collision des pouvoirs et du manque de concertation qui existe entre eux. Des limitations techniques, financières, sociales et politiques entravent l'application de la loi. Au niveau régional, ces conflits reflètent la réalité du pays et montrent les difficiles conditions actuelles d'un vaste plan de restructuration nationale. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
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| Résumé anglais |
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a coastal mountain bio-region - the world's highest — located in the North of Colombia. Its administrative structure includes a complex series of territorial bodies encompassing three states and thirteen municipalities containing two indián reservations and two protected regions which overlap each other. The promulgation of Plans for Territorial Ordering for the municipalities included in the Sierra Nevada Region was the result of the country's restructuring effected by the Political Constitution of 1991 and Law 388 on Territorial Restructuring. It then became necessary to reflect on the conflicts resulting from the simultaneous existence in the massif of several territorial authorities added to the lack of States presence to enforce such ordering, particularly in a region of biological and cultural preservation with a high percentage of native and peasant population. The current panorama of available means to materialize the territorial ordering of the Sierra from a bio-regional standpoint is not encouraging. The major problems that have been identified are : • The lack of articulation between the several territorial and environmental bodies present in the massif (states, municipalities, indián reservations, national parks, autonomous corporations). • The strong presence of the Colombian armed conflict which hinders State intervention and coerces citizens participation. • The inefficacy of the political system and the ensuing wasting of economic, legal and logistic resources. • The technical limitations of planners and the managerial inability of citizens. The strengthening of available mechanisms such as communal action boards, economic incentives to preservation and sustainable development, and community work through NGO's, are some of the means proposed to improve the process of the territorial restructuring of the region. At the regional level, the territorial conflict of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta reflects the country's reality and depicts the current situation of the long-term process of national restructuring. Source : Éditeur (via Persée) |
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| Article en ligne | http://www.persee.fr/doc/rga_0035-1121_2000_num_88_2_2994 |
