Contenu du sommaire
Revue | Etudes rurales |
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Numéro | no 73, 1979 |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Quelques études sur la parenté en Europe - Isac Chiva p. 7-8
- La traversée du champ matrimonial : un exemple alpin - Claude Macherel p. 9-40 Going through the Marriage Field: an Alpine Case Study. The marriage field is that portion of social space where marriageable people move about. These suitors are at one and the same time the stakes economic and sexual of the competing desires which polarize the field, and the competitors on these stakes. The first part of the paper describes this field, as it was until the Second World War, in an European peasant society, the Loetschen valley, in the Upper-Valais. Its demographic and eco nomic aspects are broadly outlined. The detailed study of its ritual frame brings out two features of courtship (which was highly stylised, experienced in common and hence socially denned): flexibility and strain. These features were both from a symbolic and a practical point of view central to the periodical transformations imposed upon the Loetschen society by its three-stage seasonal morphology and by the sexual division of pastoral labour inherent to it. The second part describes how the field was gone through, i.e. the sequence about ten years long, of initiatives and rites by means of which a man and a woman went from the state of frolicsome adolescents to that of settled adults. The changes of position of the actors passing through the rite were spelled out in the spatio-temporal structure of the matrimonial script. The analysis shows that these variations have to be precisely grasped in order to get at the rational of customs characteristics of a society where each marriage was contingent on the particular point of view of each party involved, the triple result of a one-way conquest, of a gift, and of a mutual preference.
- Système familial et continuité culturelle : les Mocheni des Alpes italiennes - Giuliana Sellan p. 41-68 Familial System and Cultural Continuity: the Mocheni of the Italian Alps. Isolated in the Trentin, by reason of its geographical location as well as its Germanic dialect, the Mocheni community kept for centuries a cultural originality, which has not yet been disturbed by the market economy that prevails in the region. The limited ressources are rationaly exploited in a way that does not jeopardize their reproduction. The adaptation of the population to the ecosystem involves a social organization able to ensure the balance between available land and the number of mouths to feed. Patrilineary transmission of patromony, high percentage of celibacy (40 %) and temporary or permanent emigration all concur to this end. Each household (Hof) , the basic social unit, is economically self-sufficient and represents a political entity. The men are in charge of its administration as well as that of the five villages. The division of labour between women is carried very far. Today, the Mocheni are about a thousand strong. How long will they resist the changes that are sweeping over the whole Trentin?
- Land-Use Change in Finistère during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries - Hugh Clout p. 69-96 Land-Use Change in Finistère during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. The traditional land-use pattern of Finistère was widely viewed as one of the most backward in France, largely by virtue of the great stretches of landes that occupied about two-fifths of the département in 1792. However coastal areas displayed not only high yields of cereals but also crop combinations that were indicative of advanced agricultural areas. Seaweed and sand were used for reducing soil acidity but until c. 1850 only coastal areas were affected. Thereafter a range of legislative and technical factors that had hindered reclamation disappeared, as agricultural education and road construction continued apace. Fertilisers old and new were used much more widely; advanced cereals, artificial grasses and potatoes covered more ground; rye and bare fallows declined. Landes contracted from 272,653 ha (42.4% of Finistère) c. 1830 to 183,062 ha (28.5%) in 1908.
- Problèmes agraires yougoslaves - Michel Roux p. 97-124 Yugoslavia's agrarian Problems. Yugoslavia stands out as a socialist country whose agricultural land lies mainly in the hands of private owners. This paper deals with the chief structural problems the Yugoslav agricultural development met with for 30 years. After they failed to socialize agriculture immediately after World War II, the authorities thought that socialization was to be expected from economic integration of the private farms into the social sector. However, in spite of its remarkable improvement, the social sector of agriculture seems to be unsuitable for such a purpose. The Yugoslav agriculture suffers from the general economic unstability. Regional disparities could not be reduced neither regarding agrarian densities, nor regarding productivity. Even if the rural overpopulation is intended to disappear, private farmers still remain disfavoured from a socio-economical point of view.
Notes et commentaires
- Le corpus de l'architecture rurale française - Lucien Bernot p. 125-135
- L'agriculture médiévale hongroise - Philippe Braunstein p. 137-143
- Le « henchir », unité d'organisation agricole traditionnelle des Mogods (Tunisie du Nord) - Ichem Jaafoura p. 145-146
Comptes rendus
- René Colson, Un paysan face à l'avenir rural, La JAC et la modernisation de l'agriculture. - Barral Pierre p. 147-148
- Gilles Postel-Vinay, La rente foncière dans le capitalisme agricole. - De Varine Hugues p. 148-149
- Henriette Dussourd, Les communautés familiales agricoles du Centre de la France. - Bernot Lucien p. 149-152
- Guy Thuillier, Pour une histoire du quotidien au XIXe siècle en Nivernais. Préface de Paul Leuilliot. - Bernot Lucien p. 152-156
- Gwyn I. Merion- Jones, La maison traditionnelle. Bibliographie de l'architecture vernaculaire en France. - Bernot Lucien p. 156-157
- Sociologija sela - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 157-158
- Florin Constantiniu, Relaţiile agrare Ţara Româneascǎ în secolul al XVIII-lea. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 158-159
- Jock R. Anderson, John L. Dillon, Brian Hardaker, Agricultural Decision Analysis. - Boussard Jean-Marie p. 159-160
- F. Harold Breimyer, Economies of the Product Markets of Agriculture. - Berlan Jean-Pierre p. 160-161
- Earl O. Heady & Una K. Srivastava, eds., Spatial Sector Programming. Models in Agriculture. - Boussard Jean-Marie p. 162-165
- Earl 0. Heady & Larry R. Whiting, eds., Externalities in the Transformation of Agriculture. Distribution of Benefits and Costs of Development. - Boussard Jean-Marie p. 165-168
Notes bibliographiques
- F. K. Bishay, Models for Spatial Agricultural Development Planning. - Plet Françoise p. 169
- Wendell H. Oswalt, Gloria Mann, Leon Satterthwait. An Anthropological Analysis of Food-getting Technology. - Sigaut François p. 169-170
- D. Barres, P. Coulomb, H. Nallet, Le conflit du lait en Bretagne. Mai-septembre 1972. - Sigaut François p. 170
- Jacques Mièvre, L'« Ostland » en France durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Une tentative de colonisation agraire allemande en zone interdite. - Barral Pierre p. 170-171
- Wigbolt Tijms, Le saint-nectaire. L'histoire d'un fromage d'appellation d'origine dans son cadre géographique et économique. - Sigaut François p. 171
- Rémy Pech, Entreprise viticole et capitalisme en Languedoc-Roussillon, du phylloxéra aux crises de mévente. - Barral Pierre p. 171-172
- Cornell Braun, Teheran, Marrakesch und Madrid. Ihre Wasserversorgung mit Hilfe von Qanaten. Eine stadtgeographische Konvergenz auf kultur-historischer Grundlage. - Sigaut François p. 172
- Helmut Hahn & Wolfgang Zorn, eds., Historische Wirtschaftskarte der Rheinlande um 1820. - Barral Pierre p. 172-173
- Giorgio Giorgetti, Capitalismo e agricoltura in Italia. - Barral Pierre p. 173
- Documente privind marea rǎscoalǎ a ţǎranilor din 1907 [Documents on the Great Peasants Revolt of 1907]. Situaţia economiǎ şi social-politicǎ a ţǎrǎnimii din România la sfîrşitul secolului al XlX-lea şi începutul secolului al XX-lea. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 173
- Biharea. Culegere de studii şi materiale de etnografie şi artǎ. 1975. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 174
- Tereza Mozes, Portul popular din bazinul Crişului Alb. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 174
- Bêla Sarfalvi, éd., The Changing Face of the Great Hungarian Plain. - Stahl Paul-Henri p. 174-175
- Shepard Forman, The Brazilian Peasantry. - Barral Pierre p. 175
- Bulletin des périodiques. Bulletin analytique. (Janvier-Juin 1978) - Placide Rambaud p. 177-200
- Résumés/Abstracts - p. 201-204