Contenu du sommaire : Les genres de la parole, sous la direction de Simon Bouquet

Intonation, looks and genres in a French conversation. We analyzed an extract from a free dialogue. The results show the great variability in the different genres employed by the speaker. This variability is not due to the speaker himself, since he knows the current object of discourse, but rather to the vocal and gestural feedback of the listener. Even if they follow the implicit rules of a smart running dialogue in French, these backchannels always provoke breaches in the dialogue, thus obliging the speaker to reorientate his discourse and adopt another genre.

Semiotics of grammar and langage game ("genres") semantics: the personal pronouns in French. This paper proposes an epistemological framework to fulfil the saussurean program of a dualist langage science including "linguistique de la langue" and "linguistique de la parole". The semantic analysis - founded both on Peirce's semiotics (grammar/"langue") and on Wittgenstein's theory of langage game ("parole") - is exemplified by the paradigm of personal pronouns in French.

Oral communication: genres and types of interaction. In order to investigate the issue of genre in oral communication, we take as our starting point two separate uses of this concept: one refers to culturally-socially recognized types of text and the other to forms of discourse organisation. When applied to oral communication, the former corresponds to Hymes' speech events or Levinson's activity types, whereas the latter is more aptly described in terms of linguistic, pragmatic and rhetoric features. With this as a foundation, the paper deals with the way in which these two facets can be reconciled, the aim being 1) to sketch out a theoretical model of interaction and 2) to take into account the practical problems one is faced with when analyzing naturally occuring data.

Acquisition du langage et genres énoncíatifs. The concept of genre is taken in a pragmatic and enunciative sense. Starting from basic mother-child interactions, children develop various enunciative genres, mastering other roles than speaker-hearer (e.g., overhearer, messenger, narrator). Two studies are reported, involving children aged 4 to 9, concerning (a) the capacity to transmit messages between two conversational partners, and (b) the capacity to detect and repair misunderstandings arising in a dialogue. Results show how children progressively coordinate communicative intentions and meanings, thus extending conversational skills towards complex enunciative genres.

Des genres à la généricité. L'exemple des contes (Perrault et les Grimm). This article sets out to demonstrate that the determination of the genre to which an utterance belongs may have an impact at every level of organization of a text. In order to grasp the full complexity of this impact, we propose a more dynamic approach to the question of genre - ie the set of categories to which texts may be said to belong. The concepts of genericity and of the effects of genericity which we develop here are intended to help us think through both the acts of writing and of reading as complex processes. A text does not belong in any predetermined or abstract sense to a genre, but rather it is put in relation with one or more genres both during its production and its reception-interpretation. By studying closely the complexity of the variations, this article shows the generic differences between the tales of Perrault and of Grimm.

Linguistique de corpus, genres textuels, temps et personnes. After having specified our concept of the "genre" as dependent on the fields of practice, the semiotic tools brought into play and the standards of communication regulating the enunciative situations, results are presented of a comparative statistical analysis of the categories of verbal tense and persons i) on a large corpus of tagged texts of contrasted domains, generic fields, and genres and ii) on a more restricted corpus of novels (genre that shows a great variability) according to marked parts dialogues/récit of the narrator and according to the type of narration (1S vs. 3S, past vs. present).

Textes journalistiques et analyse contrastive du genre en didactique. This article gives a critical overview of the application of genre theory to the analysis of journalistic discourse, and attempts to marry the use of a "top-down" ("French") approach with a "bottom-up" ("Anglophone") approach in the analysis of a short journalistic text.

Text genres and their contributions to psychological development. This paper presents some considerations regarding the socio-discursive interactionism, inspired by Voloshinov, and which aims at demonstrating the decisive role played by verbal activities in the psychological development. The author first defines verbal activities and their relations to other forms of human activities. He then proposes his own conception of "text genres", as empirical (and linguistic) expressions of these verbal activities, and his conception of "types of discourse", defined as portions of texts characterized by the same enunciative mode and by (relatively) specific linguistic markers. He finally specifies the role played by text genres and types of discourse in the development of various forms of reasoning.

Trois perspectives linguistiques sur la notion de genre discursif. This contribution examines how a complex entity as "genres" can be described in linguistic terms. It is assumed that genres are ordinary categories through which communication is analysed in speech communities and which organises everyday communication: we speak through genres, as M. Bakhtine used to write. In that sense, the study of genres (specially of the genres names) is part of folk linguistics. Genres can also be described as text types, which shows common features in structure, morpho-syntaxic realisations, tone, theme... from a comparative point of view and using the categories of text linguistics. Genres are also part of institutions and expression of social and ideological conflicts: this socio-historical dimension could explain some of their formal and semantic features in the theoretical framework of discourse analysis. It is argued that these three forms of linguistic approaches of genres are together necessary to their description.

Poétique et textualité. Despite some reluctance, the problem of genres is part and parcel of linguistics. Genre is a global clue which characterizes every text. Moreover, genre determines the relationship between the two strata of language at the text level, by means of what we may call textual semiosis. Genres also have a feedback on local clues, at the level of vocabulary and morphosyntax. Finally, the description of genres is necessary to conceive the space of norms, a mediation between a linguistic system and usage.