Contenu du sommaire : Basculement du monde, émergence de nouveaux acteurs dans l'éonomie mondiale

Emergence considered through knowledge economics This paper deals with the problematic of emergence using the tools and conceptual framework of knowledge economics. Emerging countries are able to sustain long lasting periods of rapid growth without deteriorating their external position. It means that they can supply on the world market goods, mostly manufactured goods, and services for which a strong demand exist, in line with the quality and reliability set by international standards, at competitive prices. This result generally comes with the diversification of the productive system as well as an improved position in the global value chains. These new developments are made possible through the creation of new categories of skilled labour and the increase of technological knowledge in the emerging economy. Learning capacity and National System of Innovation are the central concepts.

What can we learn from the BRIC ? Three conjectures about emerging economies This paper uses a temptative definition of the « emerging economies » category and explores the main characteristics of the four most eminent of them : Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRIC). It draws three conjectures about emerging economies, shared among the BRIC despite their diversity : first, institutional coherence is a precondition to economic growth ; second, BRIC present « real time » driven trajectories ; third, there is no « one best way » of economic emerging.

Political Economy of Arab Revolutions : analysis and prospects for North-African Countries Several similarities explain the spread of the Arab revolutionary process : the polarization of economies to limited sectors, a rentier-based management of resources, very low employment rates and extremely high rates of skilled migration. Finally, a similar external pact with the Western powers, and an inner pact between elites that have both imploded. This article suggests new directions for these economies that would combine regional integration and a catch-up strategy via service activities.

The World Bank and the genesis of the “good governance” concept This paper provides an analysis of the paradigm of good governance by focusing on the evolution of its economic, political and social dimensions. The analysis is structured around the World Bank, which was one of the promoters of the good governance paradigm. The strategies it used in promoting good governance are analyzed through its powers of persuasion and compulsion which involve the use of knowledge production and dissemination, as well as aid conditionality and financial incentives. We also examine the direct and indirect influences of the Bank's approach to governance on the behavior of its partner countries, and both bilateral and multilateral aid donors.

How can we understand economic emergence ? Sector-based convergence, competitive autonomy and institutional change Emerging economies can be characterized by highly hybrid socio-economic systems undergoing deep structural change, under directions that can be contrary to economic orthodoxy. One possible, however not exclusive, explanation to those varied paths of transformation can be found in the interplay between external constraints and internal productive and social trends. We show in this paper that those paths are also conditioned by sector-based change, the domestic transformation of social relationship, and the institutional dynamics that generally go hand in hand with such the deep structural change undergone by all emerging economies.

Development and emergence : new border of the global economic governance The creation of the G20 marks a major progress towards global economic governance. In November 2008, for the first time, the head of States and governements met. The question of development has received a special interest. The objective of this article is to better understand the challenges of the developing world reviewed during the French presidency of G20 in 2011, as well as the policies and the strategies to be implemented in order to use the crisis, at this critical period of time, a new start to support developing countries, and particularly the poorest, in their process of economic emergence.

Does macroeconomic stability sustain the impact of FDI on economic growth and emergence ? An empirical analysis for countries from Africa, Latin America/the Caribbean, and Asia This paper tests for the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth among some developing countries distributed between three geographic areas, over the period 1990-2005. Our results are derived from the 3SLS estimator. Our main findings show that FDIs do positively affect economic growth in Africa and Latin America/the Caribbean. On the other hand, macroeconomic instability does exert a negative effect and limits the effect of FDI on economic growth in Africa.

The trade potential in the Maghreb Despite significant economic progress recorded in the last 10 years, North Africa still suffers from a lack of density and complexity in its trade relations. This article aims to evaluate the potential of trade in the Maghreb countries. The analysis of this potential shows the presence varying potential across countries and therefore recalls the need for policies to build a true integration in the Maghreb.

The impact of microfinance through its scientific controversies A widespread assumption states that rigorous impact evaluations are new and that it has recently been discovered that microfinance is not a panacea against poverty. However, analysing 154 impact, we show that this issue is far from being new and has long been controversial. Quantitative, academic and proof-oriented approaches are taking over, leaving little room for practitioner-oriented approaches.