Contenu du sommaire : La soutenabilité sociale dans les pays du sud

Water access challenges in West Africa : diversity of governance modes and water use conflicts The modes of governance of drinking water services, recommended at the global level, are based on partnerships between national or local public entities, private operators and users' associations. They rely on weak consideration, by development agencies, of representations and endogenous management principles of the access to drinking water in the African societies. In a context of increasing demand and the difficulties to finance infrastructure investment and maintenance, the lack of capacities and/or willingness of populations to pay for water hinders the construction of local water markets.

Agricultural growth and pathways out of poverty : what do we learn from rural households' trajectories in Indonesia ? The determinism of agricultural production growth on rural households' exit from poverty remains unclear. The hypothesis of such determinism is tested here using a panel of Indonesian agricultural households who were surveyed in 2001 and 2006. The analysis of households' trajectories, statu quo, exit from- and falling into poverty, shows that agricultural growth is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition to exit from poverty. Yet, agricultural growth offers some protection against impoverishment. Non agricultural activities explain the different trajectories. This implies that rural poverty alleviation is not just a matter of agricultural productivity.

Organic and fair-trade cotton in Mali : factor of social change for women ? The production of organic and fair-trade cotton started in Mali in 2004 in a context of crisis of the conventional cotton. This alternative met a strong interest among the producers, in particular the female ones ; their status of producers gives the women new opportunities and contributes to social change. However, without a reduction of gender inequalities in access to land, farming tools or manpower, the sector could face imbalance compromising its durability.

Which actors for a socially sustainable development around Lake Horo (Northern Mali) ? This article focuses on the conditions for a socially sustainable development around Lake Horo (Northern Mali), which concentrates a large and diverse population on its shores. This concentration leads to conflicts over access to natural resources. Rather than thinking in terms of "tragedy of the commons", we study the household adaptation strategies and enter the black box of local community and collective dynamics. This allows us to consider ways of development combining household livelihoods resilience and efficient collective management of Horo's natural resources

Social networks dynamics and socio-economic resilience of informal African urban micro-enterprises This paper studies the impact of social networks on the resilience of micro and small entrepreneurs of the informal urban Africa. It is based on an original method of analysis of life stories mixing qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study shows the effect of network composition on resilience by emphasising : the ambiguous role of kinship ties, the role of network heterogeneity and business ties, and the importance of the institutionalization of access to resources.

Socially Sustainable Development : from Omission to Emergence Sustainable development leads to a marginalization of its social dimension. This dimension has acknowledged a deep analytical renewal these recent years. The interactive dynamics of poverty and inequality are nowadays addressed together. The social dimension has been incorporated into the ecological analysis, by relating poverty and inequality and by addressing the issues of vulnerability and social exclusion. Current analytical developments still remain insufficient. However, they could be deeply improved by addressing more efficiently the role of individual and collective capabilities structures.

The fight against disparities in Brazil : a critical analysis on the action of Lula's government After having been stigmatized for a long time as one of the most inegalitarian countries worldwide, Brazil has shown a decrease in its income inequalities since the second half of the nineties. The fall in regional as well as in income inequalities appears to be the result of the deindustrialization process Brazil has undergone since the end of the eighties. Unlike what is sometimes said, President Lula's coming into office cannot explain these changes.

Rainfall fluctuations and poverty in Sahelian economies : evidence from Senegal In this paper, we try to assess, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the impact of rainfall shocks on poverty in Senegal. Results indicate that less rainy periods correspond to phases of increasing poverty for all groups of households. However, during periods of good rainfall, urban households are those who mainly gain.

Are conditional cash grants fair ? The meta-operative model The present paper assesses the fairness of conditional cash grants schemes via a social risk management approach by focusing on : Bolsa Familia in Brazil and Oportunidades in Mexico. By considering the variable operational dimensions of these programs their unfairness is highlighted on the level of : their operational dimensions and their outcomes. With the aim of tackling the origin of the unfairness of conditional cash grants programs, the author has developed the "meta-operative model".