Contenu du sommaire : Circulation des modèles d'administration

— The Global Travelling of Evidence-Based Technologies in Public Education Programs and Management- This paper examines the international circulation of the evidence-based-education model. It shows how this circulation emerges from the field of public health. It also indicates how some technologies and expert knowledge are designed by international consortiums which have a relatively large ability to influence audiences through their links with States, national agencies, and universities. The article characterizes supranational organizations, like the OECD and the European Commission, as agents of dissemination and mediators of this international expertise. The evidence-based model serves to redefine the relationships between research and policy, from health to education, in institutionalizing new standards and methods to evaluate public intervention programs and management.

Résumé— Le réseau européen d'administration publique EUPAN : quelle contribution à la coopération administrative informelle dans l'Union européenne ?– Les traités européens ne prévoyant pas de compétences de l'Union en matière d'organisation et de gestion du personnel des administrations publiques des États membres, la coopération en matière d'administration publique dans ce domaine reste informelle même si les structures administratives, organisationnelles, juridiques et politiques des États membres se trouvent affectées par le droit européen et les politiques de l'UE. Cet article s'intéresse aux raisons et à la manière dont s'est structurée cette coopération au sein du Réseau européen d'administration publique (EUPAN). Il montre dans quelle mesure ce réseau est devenu un forum censé promouvoir, entre les États membres, un échange d'information relatif aux bonnes pratiques et à l'innovation managériale dans le domaine de l'administration publique et pourquoi son impact est finalement limité.

— European actors of the circulation of norms in the policy field of employment – This article analyses policy transfer in employment sector, focusing on the European meetings held in the framework of the Mutual Learning Programme. It is based on classical questions of sociology of power and social interactions: how do policy elites interact during European meetings? What is the impact of global circulation of policies and models in the European framework? The investigation upon which is based the article provides information about the specific positions and relationships between actors involved in the circulation process of norms. The article shows that European meetings held in the context of the Open Method of Coordination are not pluralistic and that the Mutual Learning Programme reproduces and reinforces inequalities between actors in the European coordination process.

— Evaluation of Justice Administration in European Countries: a Co-construction between the European Union and the Council of Europe - This article focuses on the setting up at European level of judicial administration evaluation tools. It is based on the reports published by the European Commission for the efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), which is related to the Council of Europe, and the European Commission. The analyse shows that the European Union (EU) is not the main source of inspiration for reforming the administration of justice in the Member States. However, the EU participates in the circulation of norms, principles and tools on judicial administration by providing and appropriating the works and tools made or developed at all the levels of the judicial governance in Europe. The result is a space of joint construction and circulation of instruments embedding both a cooperative and competitive logic over the definition of a model of judicial administration.

— SIGMA: an International Program of Administrative Capacity Building in European Lands (1992-2012) - Based on an in-depth field research, this article traces the evolution of the SIGMA program (Support for Improvement of Governance and Management) from its inception in 1992 until 2012. SIGMA constitutes an interesting case study of the development of a relationship between the European Union and an international organization (the OECD) in a domain (the public administration) in which the European Commission doesn't have any specific legal competence or autonomous expertise. This partnership is not unambiguous, in terms of content or method regarding the assistance. In terms of content, the OECD-PUMA is known for having been one of the sources of the international diffusion of the New Public Management in the 1990's. In terms of methods, SIGMA pleads for a contextualized and demand-driven assistance, to favor as much as possible the future “ownership” of the reforms by the states concerned. As for the Commission, it favors a more standardized and conditional management of administrative reforms in candidate countries. The article concludes that SIGMA's progressive standardization of methods and of contents during this period is mainly due to the evolution of the EU's requirements of the pre-accession policy requirements of the European Commission.

— Open Innovation and Living Labs: Production and Translation of a European Model – Among the measures proposed by the European Union to encourage technological innovation and employment, the Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group (OISP), hosted by the European Commission, defined a model of “user-centered innovation”. The European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL), a body at arm length distance from the European Union, is in charge of the accreditation of living labs, research and development units – public or private – that adopt this model. The analysis of the institutional dynamic among these three levels puts forward the unforeseen evolution of the model itself. Conceived as a mean of attaining the ends determined by the EU, user-centered innovation has become an end in itself, applicable to a variety of questions and projects.

— Transforming the neighbourhood: interplay between actors, production and implementation of EU models of reform in the framework of the Eastern Partnership - The article explores the interplay between the production of European models and the implementation of administrative reforms in the European Neighbourhood Policy. It focuses on the case of deep economic integration policies in order to analyse the articulation between the EU's framework of relations with its eastern neighbours, on the one hand, and public policy instruments guiding the reform process in partner countries, on the other hand. The article argues that the model of deep economic integration proposed by the EU to its eastern neighbours has taken shape incrementally, through the interactions between the European Commission and various actors. The extensive use of conditionality, combined with the legitimacy gained in the production of the model, has enabled the European Commission to play a key role in its operationalisation by proposing a range of institutional reforms. These contribute to shaping a European administrative model in the neighbourhood.

— Integrated Border Management: Circulation and International Projection of a European “Model”: the case of Turkey – This article looks at a model called “Integrated Border Management” (IBM). Framed by the European Union in the 2000's, this model has been since intensively promoted beyond the EU borders. Turkey is one of the key countries for this dissemination. A wide range of experts are then promoting their knowledge and know-how in the border management sector in Turkey. However, the internal divisions within the IBM world of expertise are more apparent during the import and export of knowledge. This, as a result, contributes to the promotion of specific best practices for reforms and to the construction of an IBM model outside the EU.

— The Administrative Sphere Surveyors: Social History of an Internationalized Reform Movement during interwar Period – This article deals with the emergence, within the Interwar period, of a political project aimed at bringing about an administrative reform based on a science of public administration. This study is also part of the attempt to contribute to the development, at the international level, of a body of mutually recognized intellectual categories. The administrative facts are therefore presented as specific social facts. It is the Administration as a whole – whether it be public or private – which must serve as the object of reform. This administrative reform defends the existence of a new set of professionals in the service of a more centralised and efficient administrative work. The purpose of the reform is both the creation of a new profession as well as a new universal model of administration. The paper pays particular attention to the obstacles faced by the reformers. In the 1930s, the reform fell victim to the geopolitical context which prevented the autonomisation of a real international community centered on the circulation of administrative models and tools.