Contenu du sommaire : Les organisations de l'Économie sociale et solidaire : gouvernance, régulation et territoire

Vertical governance, horizontal governance and social and solidarity economy: the case of personal servicesThe approach in terms of new governance gives a significant place to civil society's actors both within policy-making and policy implementation processes. The issue of governance has to be understood against the backdrop of the erosion of state's prerogatives in industrialized countries. The governance perspective mirrors a move of the focus on public organizations toward an increased interest on actors' networks. This article is concerned with the conceptualization of two perspectives on governance- one state-centered, the other centered on civil society- and attempts to draw some conclusions for the empirical analysis of governance processes. In a first place, the article develops the concept of “governance regime” which allows highlighting the plurality of modalities in which state and civil society relate to each others. The second part of the article contrasts this “vertical” approach to governance with a civil society-centered “horizontal” approach where civil society ability to self-organize and to cooperate within networks is under focus. In conclusion the article argues for the development of research articulating those two perspectives.

The organization in network in the gerontological field: in search of a new mode of governance?
The French system for maintaining the autonomy of the elderly at home is characterized by Institutional, organizational and clinical subdivisions fragmentations and subdivisions. This fragmentation has a negative impact on the quality and equity of the different services offered to the elderly. Over the last 20 years, various types of networks of actors and resources with aims of coordination were developed, depending on different territorial configurations. In the view of institutionalized programs (networks of health and local centres of information and coordination), and the ongoing process of the institutionalization of integrated networks, an interactive approach of the types of governance is being proposed. The focus of which is on the nature of the arrangements.

Governance and proximity : towards new forms of participation and cooperation ?
With the transformation of collective action and the undergoing reform process of social services, analyses in terms of governance are at the heart of many works both on organisation management and public policy conduct. Based on different researches on childcare services, this article proposes to integrate governance and proximity frameworks in order to test the following hypothesis. The introduction of new forms of quasi-market governance threatens the also emerging partnership governance forms, fostered by public authorities, that are difficult to stabilise at the territorial level. Doing so, it reduces in fact the dimensions of proximity that are taken into account, neglecting the role played by users participation and the local anchorage of services as well as the contribution of childcare services to general interest.

The territorial regimes of social and solidarity-based economy : the case of the French Basque CountryWhen focusing on the « territorial regime » of the social and solidarity-based economy, this article puts under scrutiny the building of trust between the local actors, territorial political regulations and the definition of territorial public issues. This perspective will be exemplified by a case-study conducted on the social economy in the French Basque Country. This mobilisation was initiated by the workers' cooperative movement in the mid-1970s, then extended to new dynamics. The article goes back to the process of trust-building, before analysing the role of social economy in the political construction of local development. It ends with a focus on the role played by social economy in the new governance networks emerging from the new institutionalization of the French Basque Country since the mid'1990s.

Social and solidarity-based Economy and territorial regulation
The Social and Solidarity-based Economy (SSE) is becoming more and more recognized as a group of companies operating under a specific socioeconomic logic. While considered during the Fordist period as a derivative of public policiy, the SSE is gradually becoming more autonomous. SSE still is however heavely influenced by a sector logic, which hampers its participation in the socioeconomic and socio-political development at the subregional level.The scope of this study includes four employment areas in the French region of Rhône-Alpes, whose integration into the productive system differs strongly, and in which the SSE occupies a specific place and plays a differentiated role. This comparison indicates what needs to be done in the areas of transversality and mutualisation so that the SSE can participate fully in policy-making and regional regulation. Institutional mediations appear to be indispensable to ensure this passage from a sector-based to a tranversal logic at the local level.